ATI LPN
Renal System Questions Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
What types of pathogens normally cause UTIs?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: UTIs are mostly bacterial, often from normal flora like E. coli.
Question 2 of 5
While completing a health assessment for a client with migraine headaches, the nurse assesses bilateral weakness in the client's hand grips. The client reports joint pain and trouble twisting a door knob due to weakness. Which action should the nurse take in response to these findings?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse should gather additional assessment data about the pain and weakness in a client with migraines reporting bilateral hand grip weakness and joint pain. These symptoms are atypical for migraines, which usually cause unilateral headache, not motor or joint issues. This could indicate a separate condition (e.g., arthritis, neuropathy) requiring further history, physical exam, or labs. Consulting OT, linking to migraines, or fall precautions may follow, but data collection is the critical first step to clarify the cause.
Question 3 of 5
56 year-old patient with severe shock, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus has glomerular hydrostatic pressure of 30 mmHg, oncotic pressure of 25 mmHg, capsular hydrostatic pressure of 15 mmHg. Calculate the Net Filtration Pressure.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Net Filtration Pressure (NFP) is calculated using the formula: NFP = Glomerular Hydrostatic Pressure (HPG) - (Oncotic Pressure of Glomerular Blood (OPG) + Capsular Hydrostatic Pressure (HPC)). Given HPG = 30 mmHg, OPG = 25 mmHg, and HPC = 15 mmHg, we compute: NFP = 30 - (25 + 15) = 30 - 40 = -10 mmHg. A negative NFP means filtration is not occurring, as opposing forces exceed the driving pressure, making C correct.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following is correct?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: If GFR is too high (e.g., above 125 ml/min), excessive filtrate overwhelms tubular reabsorption capacity, leading to loss of water and electrolytes in urine, risking dehydration and depletion. Option A is incorrect as wastes are still excreted, C is false as flow increases, and D applies to low GFR, making B the correct physiological consequence.
Question 5 of 5
Secretion of molecules is higher in which of the following segments of the nephron?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The distal convoluted tubule (DCT) has the highest secretion rate for specific ions like H⺠and Kâº, and some drugs, via active transport mechanisms. The proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) secretes organic ions (e.g., creatinine), but DCT's role in fine-tuning ion balance exceeds it. The thin limbs of the Loop of Henle focus on reabsorption, not secretion, making D correct.