ATI LPN
Questions for Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
What type of tissue comprises the valves of the heart?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Heart valves are made of dense connective tissue, primarily collagen, providing strength and flexibility to withstand pressure changes, with a core of fibrous tissue layered by endothelium. Areolar connective tissue is loose, not robust enough. Hyaline cartilage is rigid, found in the trachea, not valves. Cardiac muscle forms the heart wall, not valves. This dense tissue, avascular and resilient, ensures durability cusps flex without stretching key in valve function, relevant in pathology like calcification where flexibility diminishes, impacting flow.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following selections lists conditions that would lead to increased stroke volume?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Increased stroke volume (SV) blood ejected per beat results from increased preload (more venous return stretches ventricles, per Frank-Starling), decreased afterload (lower arterial resistance eases ejection), and increased contractility (stronger myosin-actin interaction, often catecholamine-driven). Increased afterload resists ejection, reducing SV. Decreased preload or contractility lowers filling or force, cutting SV. This trio optimizes SV by enhancing filling, easing outflow, and boosting power, key in exercise or heart failure management where these factors shift, a core concept in cardiac output dynamics.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following is another name for the visceral layer of the pericardium?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The epicardium is another name for the visceral pericardium, the serous layer adhering to the heart's surface, distinct from the parietal pericardium and fibrous outer sac. Endocardium lines chambers, myocardium is muscle, fibrous pericardium is external. This synonym reflects its pericardial role, key in friction reduction, critical in epicardial pathology like inflammation, a precise layer nomenclature.
Question 4 of 5
The organs of the respiratory system include all the following EXCEPT:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Body tissues (D) are not respiratory system organs, per the key they're served by it. The nose (A) filters/warms air (e.g., 10000 L/day). The trachea (B) conducts air (cartilage-supported). Lungs (C) exchange gases (300 million alveoli). The respiratory system nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs delivers Oâ‚‚ and removes COâ‚‚, per anatomy texts. Tissues (e.g., muscles, liver) use Oâ‚‚ but aren't part of this system; they're the endpoint of internal respiration. This excludes D, unlike A's entry point, B's conduit, or C's gas exchange role tissues rely on, but don't constitute, the respiratory apparatus.
Question 5 of 5
A client who develops acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is exhibiting hypoxemia unresponsive to oxygen therapy. In explaining the client's condition to the family, the nurse would incorporate which concept?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: ARDS shunts blood past non-ventilated alveoli (A), per document (1). Diffuse alveolar damage (e.g., sepsis) fills alveoli with exudate (100-200 mL), halting ventilation (V/Q = 0). Oâ‚‚ therapy fails PaOâ‚‚ <60 mmHg despite FiOâ‚‚ 1.0 unlike COPD's air trapping (B). Surfactant decreases (C false), and secretions (D) are secondary. A's shunting 50% blood bypass explains refractory hypoxemia, distinguishing it from B's obstruction or C's reversal.