ATI LPN
Questions About the Cardiovascular System Questions
Question 1 of 5
What type of heart failure does this statement describe? The ventricle is unable to properly fill with blood because it is too stiff. Therefore, blood backs up into the lungs causing the patient to experience shortness of breath.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The description matches left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (D), where a stiff ventricle impairs filling, causing pulmonary congestion and shortness of breath.
Question 2 of 5
The Frank-Starling law of the heart states that
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The Frank-Starling law describes how increased preload (end-diastolic volume) enhances the force of ventricular contraction.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is caring for a 70-year-old who uses hydrochlorothiazide(HydroDIURIL) and enalapril(Norvasc), but whose self-monitored blood pressure(BP) continues to be elevated. Which patient information may indicate a need for a change?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Because use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs(NSAIDs) can prevent adequate BP control, the patient may need to avoid the use of ibuprofen. A multivitamin tablet will help supply vitamin D, which may help lower BP. BP decreases while sleeping, so self-monitoring early in the morning will result in obtaining pressures that are at their lowest. The patient's alcohol intake is not excessive.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is collaborating with the dietitian and a patient with hypertension to plan dietary modifications. These modifications should include which of the following?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lifestyle modifications usually include restricting sodium and fat intake, increasing intake of fruits and vegetables, and implementing regular physical activity. There is no need to increase calcium, potassium, and vitamin intake. Calorie restriction may be required for some patients, but a specific reduction in protein and carbohydrates is not normally indicated.
Question 5 of 5
What inhibits gene transcription for endothelin-1 secretion:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nitric oxide inhibits gene transcription for endothelin-1 secretion through various signaling pathways.