ATI LPN
Urinary System Multiple Choice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
What triggers the release of erythropoietin (EPO) by the kidneys?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Erythropoietin (EPO) release by kidney interstitial cells is triggered by low blood oxygen levels (B) (hypoxia), stimulating red blood cell production in bone marrow to improve oxygen delivery. High oxygen (A) or RBCs (C) suppress it, and COâ‚‚ (D) isn't the trigger, making B correct.
Question 2 of 5
A patient ingests antifreeze and needs to eliminate the ingested acid. Renal elimination of the protons in this excess acid is primarily accomplished by which of the following mechanisms.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Antifreeze (ethylene glycol) causes metabolic acidosis. Kidneys primarily excrete excess H⺠via ammonium (NHâ‚„âº) excretion (A), buffering and eliminating acid in urine. Phosphates (B) help, hyperventilation (C) is respiratory, and free H⺠(D) is minimal, making A the main mechanism.
Question 3 of 5
What type of epithelium forms the lining of the urinary bladder? A) stratified squamous, B) transitional, C) simple ciliated columnar, D) simple cuboidal
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The urinary bladder is lined with transitional epithelium (B), allowing stretch during filling. Stratified squamous (A) is in skin, ciliated columnar (C) in airways, and cuboidal (D) in tubules, making B the correct lining.
Question 4 of 5
While the kidneys process about 180 L of blood-derived fluids per day, the amount that actually leaves the body is:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Kidneys filter 180 L/day, but ~99% is reabsorbed, leaving ~1-2 L (1%, 1.8 L) (D) as urine. 90 L (A), 180 L (B), and 18 L (C) overestimate output, making D the accurate amount.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse determines that instruction regarding prevention of future urinary tract infections (UTIs) for a patient with cystitis has been effective when the patient states,
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Frequent voiding every 3-4 hours (D) flushes bacteria from the bladder, preventing UTIs, showing effective teaching. Vaginal sprays (A) may irritate, a quart (B) is inadequate (~946 mL vs. 2000-3000 mL recommended), and soap pre-intercourse (C) is unnecessary, making D the best understanding.