ATI LPN
Questions of Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
What term refers to multinucleated cells that form when many host cells fuse together during infections?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Syncytia are multinucleated cells formed by host cell fusion during viral infections like respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) or measles, where viral proteins (e.g., fusion proteins) merge cell membranes, aiding spread. Ghon elements relate to tuberculosis lesions, not fusion. Reye syndrome is a post-viral liver-brain condition, not cellular. Koplik's spots are measles' oral signs, not fused cells. Syncytia's formation reflects viral pathogenesis, visible in tissue cultures, and contributes to symptoms like airway damage in RSV. Understanding this term clarifies how viruses amplify infection, distinct from other disease markers, key in virology and respiratory pathology studies.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with pneumonia resulting from Staphylococcus aureus. Which classification of medication should the nurse anticipate the healthcare provider will order to eradicate the infection?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cephalosporin (B) (e.g., cefazolin) targets Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia, per IDSA guidelines its beta-lactam kills gram-positive cocci. Corticosteroids (A) reduce inflammation, not infection. Antitussives (C) suppress cough, delaying clearance. Bronchodilators (D) ease breathing, not eradication. S. aureus's virulence (e.g., necrotizing) requires antibiotics like B, aligning with the document's implied answer, distinguishing it from A's adjunct role or C's symptom focus.
Question 3 of 5
The tiny air sacs present in human lungs are called _______.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Alveoli are the tiny air sacs in the lungs, numbering about 500 million, where gas exchange occurs oxygen enters the blood, and carbon dioxide exits via diffusion across their thin walls. The bronchus (singular) and bronchioles are airways leading to alveoli, not sacs themselves bronchi branch from the trachea, and bronchioles are smaller terminal passages. 'All' is incorrect; only alveoli fit the description. Their vast surface area (about 100 m²) and capillary network make them the lungs' functional units, essential for oxygenation, a key focus in respiratory anatomy and diseases like emphysema, where alveoli degrade.
Question 4 of 5
In Aves, the exchange of gases occurs within the __________.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In birds (Aves), gas exchange occurs in the lungs, not air sacs. Their unique system features rigid lungs with parabronchi, where oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse into blood continuously, unlike human tidal breathing. Air sacs act as bellows, moving air unidirectionally through the lungs, but lack capillaries for exchange they store and pump air. 'Air sacs and lungs' overstates sacs' role; 'none' is wrong lungs are key. This efficient design supports high metabolism for flight, a distinct adaptation in avian respiration, critical for understanding comparative physiology and bird-specific respiratory conditions.
Question 5 of 5
Identify the groove found on the surface of the heart and marks the boundary between the right and left ventricles.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The anterior interventricular sulcus, a groove on the heart's front surface, marks the boundary between the right and left ventricles, housing the anterior interventricular artery. The coronary sulcus encircles the heart, separating atria from ventricles. The posterior interventricular sulcus, on the back, also divides ventricles but is less prominent anteriorly. The coronary sinus is a vein, not a groove. This sulcus's visibility and vascular role make it a key landmark, guiding surgical and imaging approaches, essential in cardiac anatomy for locating ventricular divisions.