ATI LPN
Test Questions Renal System Questions
Question 1 of 5
What's the difference between complicated and uncomplicated UTI?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Uncomplicated has normal anatomy, common in women; complicated has abnormalities, more in men.
Question 2 of 5
The HCP prescribes radiation therapy for a client with terminal metastatic osteosarcoma who is experiencing increased pain due to spinal compression. The client asks the nurse why radiation therapy is prescribed. Which mechanism supports the use of RT in the client's metastatic cancer?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Radiation therapy (RT) in terminal metastatic osteosarcoma with spinal compression is prescribed to provide pain relief by shrinking tumors pressing against spinal nerves. In palliative care, RT reduces tumor size locally, alleviating nerve compression and pain, improving quality of life. It's not curative or a survival extender in terminal cases, nor a surgical alternative here, as metastasis is widespread. The primary mechanism is palliation, making pain relief the accurate explanation for the client.
Question 3 of 5
What does this NFP indicate?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A Net Filtration Pressure (NFP) of -10 mmHg is negative, indicating that the combined opposing forces (oncotic pressure of 25 mmHg and capsular hydrostatic pressure of 15 mmHg, totaling 40 mmHg) exceed the glomerular hydrostatic pressure (30 mmHg). Normally, NFP is positive (around 10 mmHg) to drive filtration. A negative value means no filtration occurs, as fluid is pushed back into the capillaries rather than filtered, making C the correct interpretation.
Question 4 of 5
Arteriole walls have juxtaglomerular cells.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Juxtaglomerular (JG) cells are modified smooth muscle cells located in the walls of the afferent arterioles (and sometimes efferent) within the juxtaglomerular apparatus. They act as mechanoreceptors, releasing renin in response to low blood pressure, regulating GFR and systemic pressure. Their presence in arteriole walls is a anatomical fact, making A (True) correct.
Question 5 of 5
8-15% of water reabsorbed in the distal convoluted tubule needs?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) and collecting duct, 8-15% of filtered water is reabsorbed under the influence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). ADH increases aquaporin-2 insertion, enhancing water permeability in the collecting duct, with some effect in late DCT. Aldosterone affects Naâº, and angiotensin II modulates GFR, but ADH drives this water reabsorption, making B correct.