ATI LPN
Urinary System Test Questions and Answers Questions
Question 1 of 5
What's first line for Lower UTI, its mechanism, indication, and dose?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nitrofurantoin is first-line, disrupts bacterial DNA/RNA synthesis, dosed as stated.
Question 2 of 5
A client with a history of heart failure reports increasing fatigue over the past week. On assessment, the nurse obtains the following vital signs: pulse 158 BPM, BP 122/78 mmHg, and respiratory rate 24 BPM. While waiting for an ECG, which assessment is most important for the nurse to obtain?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In a heart failure client with a pulse of 158 BPM, fatigue, and RR 24, the most important assessment while awaiting an ECG is the rhythm of the apical pulse. The elevated rate suggests a tachyarrhythmia (e.g., atrial fibrillation), common in heart failure, which reduces cardiac output and worsens fatigue. Identifying irregularity guides urgent treatment (e.g., rate control). Skin elasticity, pedal pulses, and capillary refill assess perfusion but are less immediate than rhythm, which directly impacts cardiac function and requires prompt intervention.
Question 3 of 5
Where does the ADH dependent reabsorption occur?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) regulates water reabsorption primarily in the medullary collecting duct. ADH increases the insertion of aquaporin-2 water channels into the apical membrane, allowing water to move from the tubular lumen into the hyperosmotic medullary interstitium, concentrating urine. The proximal tubule and Loop of Henle reabsorb water independently of ADH, and the distal tubule has minor ADH effects, making the medullary collecting duct the key site, thus C is correct.
Question 4 of 5
All of the following are criteria of a substance used for GFR measurement, except?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A substance for GFR measurement, like inulin, must be freely filtered, not secreted (A) or reabsorbed (B) by tubules, and non-toxic (C) to ensure clearance equals GFR. It should not be metabolized (D), as metabolism alters its concentration, invalidating the measurement. Thus, ‘should be metabolized' is not a criterion, making D correct.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following is caused after afferent and efferent arterioles constriction by sympathetic activity:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sympathetic activity constricts both afferent and efferent arterioles, reducing renal blood flow and GFR. Lower GFR decreases the filtered Na⺠load, but slower filtrate flow allows less Na⺠reabsorption in the PCT, increasing Na⺠delivery to the macula densa in the distal tubule. GFR doesn't increase (A), PCT reabsorption decreases (C), and filtered load drops (D), making B correct.