ATI LPN
NCLEX PN Questions Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
What of the following chambers of the heart contain deoxygenated blood?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The right atrium and right ventricle contain deoxygenated blood, received from systemic veins (vena cavae) into the atrium, then pumped via the ventricle to the lungs for oxygenation. The left atrium and ventricle hold oxygenated blood from pulmonary veins, destined for the body. 'Left atrium only' or 'right ventricle only' ignores paired chamber roles. This right-side deoxygenation reflects the heart's dual circulation systemic and pulmonary a fundamental division ensuring oxygen delivery, critical in understanding cardiac flow and congenital defects mixing these streams.
Question 2 of 5
Heart murmurs are often heard in individuals with abnormalities in the _____ of the heart.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Heart murmurs stem from valve abnormalities stenosis (narrowing) or regurgitation (leakage) disrupting smooth blood flow, causing turbulence audible as whooshes. Myocardium issues (e.g., infarction) affect contraction, not murmurs directly. SA/AV node problems alter rhythm, not flow sounds. Valves (tricuspid, mitral, pulmonary, aortic) regulate direction; defects like mitral prolapse create murmurs, key in diagnosis via auscultation, distinguishing benign from pathological flow disruptions.
Question 3 of 5
The chamber of the heart that normally has the thickest wall is the:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The left ventricle has the thickest wall (~1-1.5 cm), its myocardium pumping against systemic pressure (~120 mmHg), far exceeding right ventricle (~0.3-0.5 cm, ~25 mmHg pulmonary) or atria (~0.1-0.2 cm). This thickness meets workload, key in hypertrophy or failure, a fundamental adaptation in cardiac anatomy and function.
Question 4 of 5
The organ of the respiratory system that traps bacteria with a ring of tonsils is the:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The pharynx (B) traps bacteria with tonsils (e.g., palatine, adenoids), per the key lymphoid tissue filters pathogens (e.g., 10ⶠbacteria/day). The nose (A) uses mucus/hairs, not tonsils. The larynx (C) and trachea (D) lack tonsils mucus alone clears debris. Pharyngeal tonsils (Waldeyer's ring) produce lymphocytes, per immunology, guarding against inhaled/oral microbes unlike A's physical trap, C's vocal role, or D's conduit function, B's immune barrier is distinct.
Question 5 of 5
A client underwent a thoracentesis a few hours earlier. Which finding should the nurse report immediately to explain why dyspnea occurs?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Onset of crepitus (B) post-thoracentesis signals subcutaneous emphysema air in tissues (e.g., 50-100 mL) from pleural breach, causing dyspnea (RR >25), per document (2). Oozing (A) is minor, not dyspnea-linked. Diminished sounds (C) suggest pneumothorax, less urgent unless tension. Fever (D) is infection, not immediate. B's air trapping palpable crunch compromises breathing, distinguishing it from A's bleeding or C's collapse.