What nursing action is appropriate when obtaining a sterile urine specimen from an indwelling catheter to prevent infection?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Aspirating urine from the tubing port with a sterile syringe is the appropriate action for obtaining a sterile urine specimen from an indwelling catheter. This maintains the closed system's integrity, minimizing infection risk by avoiding exposure to external contaminants. The port is designed for sterile sampling, ensuring the specimen reflects bladder contents accurately for testing. Using sterile gloves aids asepsis but isn't the complete action; it supports the procedure, not defines it. Opening the drainage bag introduces bacteria, risking contamination and infection. Disconnecting the catheter breaks the sterile circuit, increasing urinary tract infection likelihood contrary to best practice. Aspiration via the port, paired with aseptic technique, upholds infection control standards, ensuring patient safety and reliable diagnostic results, making it the optimal nursing action.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Basic critical thinking involves following established guidelines or procedures, like using a manual for nasogastric tube insertion, typical for novices relying on concrete rules. The nurse here seeks confirmation, indicating dependence on external standards rather than independent judgment. Commitment reflects decisive action based on internalized reasoning, not manual reliance. Complex critical thinking analyzes and adapts procedures (e.g., modifying technique for patient anatomy), requiring experience beyond rote steps. The scientific method tests hypotheses, not applicable to routine protocol checks. Basic critical thinking suits this scenario, as the nurse applies learned steps without deviation, a foundational level ensuring safe practice while building toward higher-order skills in dynamic clinical settings.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Responsibility and accountability as a critical thinking attitude mean adhering to standards and owning outcomes, like verifying a client's identity before medication to ensure safety. This reflects duty to the patient and profession, avoiding errors (e.g., wrong patient dosing). Thinking independently involves personal judgment, not just following protocol, which this nurse does by sticking to rules. Fairness ensures impartiality, not directly tied to identification steps. Discipline implies consistency, overlapping with responsibility, but lacks accountability's emphasis on answerability. By not cutting corners, the nurse upholds ethical and safety standards, embodying responsibility and accountability, critical for trust and precision in medication administration, a high-stakes nursing task.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A theory e.g., Henderson's uses concepts (e.g., breathing), definitions (clarifying terms), relationships (how needs interact), and assumptions (e.g., patients seek independence) to explain phenomena like recovery. This informs nursing actions e.g., why positioning aids breathing. Formulating legislation is policy, not theory's role indirectly influenced. Measuring functions suits research, not theory's explanatory purpose. Reflecting the domain describes scope, not function explanation is active. Theories explain health-related events, providing nurses frameworks to understand and address client needs, making this the precise definition.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as 'complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease,' established in 1948. This holistic view shapes global health policy and nursing e.g., addressing mental health alongside infections. The World Diabetes Federation focuses on diabetes, not broad definitions. The International Council of Nurses supports practice standards, not health definitions. The American Nurses Association governs U.S. nursing, adopting WHO's view, not originating it. WHO's authoritative, universal definition drives health promotion, making it the source here.