ATI LPN
NCLEX PN Questions on Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
What morphological features are NOT seen in asthma? (old paper 2004)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Increased submucosal gland size (D) is not a hallmark of asthma; it's seen in chronic bronchitis. Choice A (Curschmann spirals mucus plugs with epithelium) is true. Choice B (Charcot-Leyden crystals eosinophil protein) is correct. Choice C (thickened basement membrane with inflammation) is typical. Choice E (eosinophils/mast cells) is asthma-specific. Page 726 lists asthma's features bronchial inflammation, smooth muscle hypertrophy, and mucus plugs but submucosal glands hypertrophy in bronchitis, not asthma, making D the exception.
Question 2 of 5
Pulmonary Embolism
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pulmonary embolism (PE) can complicate central venous lines (D), via catheter-related thrombi. Choice A is true; in situ pulmonary thrombi are rare (most are embolic). Choice B is correct; 30% of burn deaths involve PE. Choice C is accurate; PE causes ≈10% of hospital deaths. Choice E (all true) is redundant. Page 742 confirms D's clinical relevance lines increase venous thromboembolism risk, aligning with A-C's epidemiology, making it a key feature.
Question 3 of 5
From first to last, the morphological changes in lobar pneumonia occur in which correct chronological order?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct order in lobar pneumonia is congestion, red hepatization, grey hepatization, resolution (D). Congestion (edema/exudate) precedes red hepatization (RBCs in alveoli), followed by grey hepatization (RBC lysis, fibrin), then resolution (clearance). Choice A reverses order. Choice B skips congestion. Choice C misplaces red/grey. Choice E adds fibrosis (not typical). Page 750 outlines D's progression S pneumoniae's inflammation evolves predictably, with grey following red as RBCs disintegrate, making it the accurate sequence.
Question 4 of 5
Adenocarcinoma
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Adenocarcinoma tends to metastasize early and widely (D), often before diagnosis. Choice A is false; it's more common in women. Choice B is incorrect; it's most common in non-smokers (75% still smokers, less than SCC's 95%). Choice C is wrong; it's peripheral. Choice E (small lesions) is true. Page 760 details D's behavior peripheral growth spreads to pleura/lymphatics, distinguishing it over A's sex or B's smoking error.
Question 5 of 5
What is the causative agent of Q fever?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Coxiella burnetii, a hardy intracellular bacterium, causes Q fever, often inhaled from contaminated animal sources, leading to fever and pneumonia. Chlamydophila psittaci causes psittacosis, a bird-related lung infection. Mycoplasma pneumoniae triggers walking pneumonia, a milder atypical pneumonia. Streptococcus pyogenes causes strep throat or scarlet fever, not Q fever. C. burnetii's unique spore-like form and zoonotic transmission distinguish it, requiring doxycycline treatment unlike the others' diverse therapies. Recognizing its role clarifies Q fever's epidemiology linked to farms, not birds or streptococcal spread essential for diagnosis and public health responses in respiratory infection contexts.