ATI LPN
Immune System Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
What measure is important in managing hypercalcemia in a child who is immobilized?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Provide adequate hydration. Hypercalcemia in an immobilized child can be managed by ensuring adequate hydration to help promote renal excretion of excess calcium. Hydration helps prevent further calcium buildup in the blood and reduces the risk of complications. It is crucial to maintain a good fluid balance to support the kidneys in eliminating excess calcium. Changing position frequently (choice B) may help prevent complications related to immobility but does not directly address hypercalcemia. Encouraging a diet high in calcium (choice C) is contraindicated in hypercalcemia as it can exacerbate the condition. Providing a diet high in calories for healing (choice D) is important for overall nutrition but does not specifically target the management of hypercalcemia in an immobilized child.
Question 2 of 5
What is a side effect of xanthine oxidase inhibitors? (Select ONE that does not apply)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Retinal damage. Xanthine oxidase inhibitors like Allopurinol can lead to retinal damage due to accumulation of toxic metabolites. Bone marrow suppression (A), nausea (B), and vomiting (C) are not typically associated with xanthine oxidase inhibitors. This is because these drugs mainly affect purine metabolism, leading to increased uric acid levels, rather than directly affecting the bone marrow or gastrointestinal system.
Question 3 of 5
Which patient would be unlikely to benefit from iron supplements?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Patient with hereditary hemochromatosis. This genetic condition causes the body to absorb too much iron, leading to iron overload. Iron supplements would exacerbate the condition. Patients experiencing blood loss (A) would benefit from iron supplements to replenish lost iron. Pregnant women (B) require increased iron for fetal development. Patients with limited access to healthy foods (D) may benefit from iron supplements to prevent deficiency.
Question 4 of 5
Which diagnostic test evaluates the morphological features of the blood cells?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Peripheral blood smear. This diagnostic test is used to evaluate the morphological features of blood cells by examining their size, shape, and structure under a microscope. It provides valuable information about red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Reticulocyte count (B) measures immature red blood cells, not morphological features. Oxygen saturation (C) assesses the amount of oxygen carried by hemoglobin in the blood. Platelet count (D) quantifies the number of platelets in the blood, not their morphology.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who had a myocardial infarction 5 days ago. The client has a sudden onset of shortness of breath and begins coughing frothy, pink sputum. The nurse auscultates loud, bubbly sounds on inspiration. Which of the following adventitious breath sounds should the nurse document?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Coarse crackles. Coarse crackles are associated with fluid-filled airways, commonly seen in conditions like heart failure. In this scenario, the client's history of myocardial infarction and symptoms of shortness of breath, frothy pink sputum, and loud bubbly sounds on inspiration indicate pulmonary edema, leading to coarse crackles. Fine crackles are heard in conditions like pneumonia. Wheezes are associated with airway constriction in conditions like asthma. Rhonchi are caused by secretions in the large airways. Therefore, in this case, coarse crackles are most appropriate.