ATI LPN
100 Questions on the Cardiovascular System Questions
Question 1 of 5
What lab result is most likely if a patient on spironolactone develops muscle weakness and palpitations?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hyperkalemia is a known adverse effect of potassium-sparing diuretics like spironolactone.
Question 2 of 5
The blood leaves the heart to the body through the:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The aorta carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body.
Question 3 of 5
32 y/o male presents with burning sensation in chest following most large meals for 2-3 months. He denies dysphagia, weight change, or bleeding. Which of the following studies has the highest sensitivity for the initial diagnosis of GERD with typical symptoms?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: For typical GERD symptoms (heartburn after meals), an empiric trial of a PPI like omeprazole is highly sensitive and specific as a diagnostic test, with symptom resolution confirming the diagnosis. Invasive tests like pH monitoring or EGD are reserved for atypical or refractory cases.
Question 4 of 5
A 50-year-old female with a history of hypertension presents with palpitations. Her ECG shows irregularly irregular rhythm with no discernible P waves. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The absence of P waves and an irregularly irregular rhythm are hallmark features of atrial fibrillation.
Question 5 of 5
59 yo woman presents with onset of tingling in her toes. Her reflexes are depressed with downgoing toes. The finding that suggests most strongly that this is Guillain-Barré syndrome and not a spinal cord problem is:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Lack of incontinence strongly favors Guillain-Barré (peripheral neuropathy) over spinal cord lesions, which often affect bowel/bladder control.