ATI LPN
LPN Fundamentals Exam Questions
Question 1 of 5
What kind of exudates is expected when there is an antibody-antigen reaction as a result of microorganism infection?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: An antibody-antigen reaction from a microorganism infection, like bacterial invasion, typically produces purulent exudates (C), rich in pus, neutrophils, and debris due to active immune response. Serous exudates (A) are clear and watery, seen in mild inflammation (e.g., blisters). Serosanguinous (B) is a mix of serum and blood, common in surgical wounds. Sanguinous (D) is bloody, linked to trauma or vessel damage, not infection-driven immunity. Purulent exudates reflect the body's fight against pathogens, as neutrophils engulf microbes, forming pus a hallmark of such reactions making C the accurate choice.
Question 2 of 5
Legrande De Salvaje Y Cobrador La Jueteng, was caught by the bacolod police because of his illegal activities. When he got home after paying for the bail, He shouted at his son. What defense mechanism did Mr. La Jueteng used?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Legrande uses displacement (C), redirecting anger from his arrest to his son. Restitution (A) repairs damage (e.g., gifts). Projection (B) attributes feelings to others. Undoing (D) reverses actions. Displacement, per Freud, shifts emotions to a safer target, fitting Legrande's outburst, making C correct.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following, if seen on the Nurses notes, violates characteristic of good recording?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Refused betaxolol' (C) violates good recording; it lacks why or follow-up, per standards (e.g., completeness). A, B, D are specific and clear. C's brevity omits context, making it the violation.
Question 4 of 5
The American Nurses association formulated an innovation of the Nursing process. Today, how many distinct steps are there in the nursing process?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The ANA's nursing process is ADPIE (B) assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, evaluation 5 steps, per current standards. APIE (A) omits diagnosis, ADOPIE (C) and ADOPIER (D) aren't recognized. B reflects practice, making it correct.
Question 5 of 5
Using the principles of standard precautions, the nurse would wear gloves in what nursing interventions?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Standard precautions are infection control practices used to prevent the transmission of pathogens in healthcare settings. They apply to all patient care situations where there is potential contact with blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions (except sweat), non-intact skin, or mucous membranes. Providing oral hygiene involves direct contact with saliva, which is considered a body fluid that may contain pathogens, such as bacteria or viruses, especially in patients with poor oral health or infections. Wearing gloves during this intervention protects the nurse from potential exposure to infectious agents and prevents cross-contamination to other patients or surfaces. In contrast, providing a back massage, feeding a client, or providing hair care typically does not involve contact with body fluids or high-risk areas unless specified otherwise (e.g., open wounds or soiled conditions). Therefore, gloves are not routinely required for these tasks under standard precautions unless additional risk factors are present. The correct answer is D because oral hygiene uniquely involves potential exposure to mucous membranes and saliva, necessitating glove use.