What is the source of bright red blood flowing back into the tubing of an intravenous drip?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Bright red blood in IV tubing indicates its oxygen-rich source. Capillary blood (choice A) is a mix of arterial and venous, not typically seen in IV backflow. Arterial blood (choice B), bright red due to high oxygenation, suggests the IV catheter has pierced an artery, a rare but serious complication. Venous blood (choice C) is darker, deoxygenated, and typical in veins, not matching the description. Peripheral blood (choice D) is vague, encompassing all types. B is correct, as arterial puncture explains the color and urgency. Nurses must stop infusion, apply pressure, and seek medical review to manage this vascular injury.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The first manifestation of inflammation is redness (A), caused by vasodilation increasing blood flow to the injury site immediately after transient vasoconstriction. Swelling (B) follows as capillary permeability rises, leaking fluid into tissues. Pain (C) emerges from pressure on nerves and chemical mediators, a later effect. Increased heat (D) accompanies redness but isn't the initial sign; it's a byproduct of enhanced circulation. Redness appears earliest in the vascular phase, observable before edema or pain develops, aligning with inflammation's sequence and making A the correct answer.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Anxiety's source is unrecognized (C), making D ('recognized entity') untrue. Anxiety has physiologic (A) and psychologic (B) components e.g., racing heart, worry per Freud and nursing theory. Its hallmark is vague, unidentified dread (C), unlike fear with a known cause (D). D misaligns with anxiety's definition, where the threat is internal or unclear, thus it's the incorrect statement.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Legrande's buying ice cream and food is restitution (A), compensating for shouting at his son. Conversion (B) turns stress into physical symptoms. Redoing (C) isn't a term; undoing reverses. Reaction formation (D) acts opposite to feelings. Restitution, per psychology, repairs guilt, matching his actions, making A correct.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: a.c.' means before meals (B), from Latin 'ante cibum,' per medical abbreviations. As desired (A) is 'ad lib,' after meals (C) 'p.c.,' bedtime (D) 'h.s.' B matches the order's intent, making it correct.