What is the reason for Asthma in 4-year-old Mabele, as Mrs. Joyce Thomson inquires? How would you explain it?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Asthma in children like Mabele can be triggered by exposure to allergens, leading to an allergic reaction in the bronchioles. This reaction causes constriction of the bronchial tree, resulting in an asthmatic attack. It is essential for caregivers to identify and minimize exposure to these triggers to manage and prevent asthma episodes effectively.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatrics nursing, understanding the main causes or associations of Type 2 diabetes is crucial for providing effective care and education to pediatric patients and their families. The correct answer is option C: Type 2 diabetes is commonly associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome in both adults and children. This is because excess body weight, especially around the abdomen, can lead to insulin resistance and impaired glucose metabolism, which are key factors in the development of Type 2 diabetes. Option A is incorrect as Type 1 diabetes is mostly associated with autoantibodies attacking the pancreas, leading to a lack of insulin production. Option B is also incorrect as childhood cancer is not a primary cause or association of Type 2 diabetes. Option D is not entirely accurate as overeating, especially of unhealthy foods high in sugar and fat, can contribute to obesity and metabolic syndrome, which are the main factors associated with Type 2 diabetes. Educationally, it is important for pediatric nurses to emphasize the role of healthy lifestyle habits, such as maintaining a balanced diet and regular physical activity, in preventing and managing Type 2 diabetes in children. By understanding the underlying causes and associations of this condition, nurses can provide tailored interventions and support to help pediatric patients lead healthier lives and reduce their risk of developing Type 2 diabetes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The most appropriate nursing diagnosis for the 18-month-old child presenting with fever, nasal flaring, intercostal retractions, and a respiratory rate of 50 bpm is 'Ineffective breathing pattern.' These symptoms collectively indicate respiratory distress, which aligns with the nursing diagnosis of ineffective breathing pattern. Nasal flaring, intercostal retractions, and an increased respiratory rate are signs of respiratory distress in pediatric patients, suggesting the need for immediate intervention to address the underlying breathing difficulties.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this question from the Pediatric ATI Proctored Test regarding classical clinical manifestations of diabetes mellitus, the correct answer is C) Diabetic Ketoacidosis. Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious complication of diabetes characterized by hyperglycemia, ketosis, and metabolic acidosis. It is not a typical initial clinical manifestation of diabetes mellitus but rather a complication that can occur if diabetes is not well-managed. Option A) Polyuria is a common symptom of diabetes mellitus due to increased blood glucose levels leading to osmotic diuresis. Option B) Polydipsia is another classic symptom of diabetes resulting from the body's attempt to eliminate excess glucose through increased urination, leading to dehydration and increased thirst. Option D) Weight loss can also be a symptom of diabetes mellitus, especially in cases of uncontrolled or undiagnosed diabetes where the body is breaking down muscle and fat for energy due to the inability to use glucose effectively. Educationally, understanding the classical clinical manifestations of diabetes mellitus is crucial for pediatric nurses to recognize and intervene early in children with diabetes. Recognizing these symptoms can lead to prompt diagnosis, management, and prevention of complications such as DKA. Nurses play a vital role in educating patients and families about diabetes management to improve outcomes and quality of life.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Coryza, also known as the common cold, is a viral infection that primarily affects the upper respiratory tract and is not typically associated with lower respiratory tract infections. Pneumonia, asthma, and bronchiolitis are conditions that commonly affect the lower respiratory tract, causing symptoms like cough, difficulty breathing, and chest pain.