What is the purpose of providing back massages to bedridden patients?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Back massages for bedridden patients primarily serve to enhance blood flow and alleviate discomfort caused by prolonged immobility. By stimulating circulation, they help prevent complications like pressure ulcers and muscle stiffness, which are common in patients unable to move freely. Entertainment might be a secondary benefit but isn't the main goal. Preventing infections is more tied to hygiene practices, not massage, though it indirectly supports skin health. Evaluating skin condition can occur during the process, but it's not the primary purpose massage is an active intervention, not just an assessment tool. The tactile stimulation also relaxes muscles and improves patient well-being, making it a cornerstone of comfort care in nursing.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Providing verbal cues and guidance while walking beside a visually impaired patient ensures safe ambulation by compensating for their lack of sight with clear instructions and physical proximity. Walking unassisted risks falls or collisions, undermining safety over independence. Ignoring the impairment doesn't build resilience it neglects care duty and invites harm. Confinement sacrifices mobility and quality of life for false safety. Nurses use this supportive approach describing obstacles, offering an arm if needed to balance autonomy with protection, fostering confidence and preventing injuries in a tailored, compassionate way.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Securing a restraint to the bed's side rails ensures it holds the patient safely without slipping, preventing injury or escape while allowing some movement. Loose restraints defeat the purpose, risking falls or harm. Applying to the strong arm alone ignores full safety needs restraints typically involve both limbs or a vest. Using them as punishment is unethical; they're for protection, not discipline. Nurses follow this technique to balance safety and ethics, monitoring frequently to minimize use and maintain dignity, per legal and care standards.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Demonstrating the technique and providing positive reinforcement encourages effective incentive spirometry use by showing proper deep-breathing methods and motivating the patient with praise, improving lung expansion post-surgery. Rapid breathing defeats the goal slow, deep breaths are key. Shallow breaths reduce efficacy, risking atelectasis. Using it for the patient undermines their active role it's a self-exercise tool. Nurses model the process, set goals (e.g., volume markers), and cheer progress, enhancing compliance and respiratory health through empowerment and support.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Cleansing from front to back during perineal care for a female patient prevents contamination by keeping fecal bacteria away from the urethra, reducing UTI risk a key hygiene principle. Back-to-front spreads pathogens, increasing infection likelihood. Cold water discomforts and doesn't clean better lukewarm is ideal. Avoiding soap neglects thoroughness; mild cleansers remove debris safely. Nurses use this directional technique with gentle wiping to maintain cleanliness and protect urinary health, especially in incontinent or dependent patients.