What is the purpose of administering Vitamin K to newborns?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: To prevent bleeding disorders. Newborns have low levels of Vitamin K, which is essential for blood clotting. Administering Vitamin K at birth helps prevent a rare but serious condition called Vitamin K deficiency bleeding. Choice A is incorrect because Vitamin K does not prevent jaundice. Choice B is incorrect as Vitamin K does not boost the immune system. Choice D is incorrect as Vitamin K does not enhance bone development. Administering Vitamin K to newborns is crucial for preventing bleeding issues.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Integrated case management of childhood illnesses. This is a key component of the IMCI (Integrated Management of Childhood Illness) strategy, which focuses on a holistic approach to managing common childhood illnesses at the primary healthcare level. IMCI includes assessing and classifying sick children, providing appropriate treatments, counseling caregivers, and ensuring follow-up care. This strategy aims to reduce childhood morbidity and mortality by improving the quality of care provided to children. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not directly align with the key component of the IMCI strategy. Promoting hospital-based care (A) may not be feasible or sustainable in resource-limited settings where primary healthcare is crucial. Providing routine immunizations (B) is important but is not the primary focus of the IMCI strategy. Enhancing maternal nutrition (C) is essential for maternal and child health but is not a key component of the IMCI strategy, which specifically targets childhood illnesses.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To record and report public health services. FHSIS is designed to track and document various public health services provided by health facilities. It helps in monitoring disease outbreaks, health programs, and resource allocation. Choice A is incorrect as FHSIS focuses on public health services, not just hospital services. Choice C is incorrect as FHSIS does not specifically evaluate private health services. Choice D is incorrect as FHSIS does not handle health insurance claims but rather focuses on public health data collection and reporting.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Vaccination. Preventive measures aim to prevent diseases before they occur. Vaccination helps the immune system recognize and fight specific pathogens, reducing the risk of infection and disease transmission. Chemotherapy (A) is a treatment for cancer, not prevention. Radiation therapy (C) and surgical intervention (D) are also treatments rather than preventive measures. Vaccination stands out as the only option that directly addresses disease prevention, making it the correct choice.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Breastfeeding provides passive immunity to the infant. Breast milk contains antibodies that help protect the baby from infections. This passive immunity is crucial for the infant's developing immune system. A: Breastfeeding does not directly reduce the risk of postpartum hemorrhage. C: Breastfeeding is actually associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer. D: Breastfeeding can delay the return of menstruation due to hormonal changes, but this is not the main benefit of breastfeeding. In summary, the key benefit of breastfeeding is providing passive immunity to the infant, which is crucial for their health and development.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Community participation. This is a key principle of Primary Health Care (PHC) as it emphasizes involving communities in decision-making, planning, and implementation of healthcare services. Community participation ensures that healthcare services are culturally appropriate, accessible, and meet the specific needs of the population. It also promotes empowerment and ownership of health initiatives within the community. Centralized health planning (A) goes against the decentralized and community-focused approach of PHC. Focus on specialized care (C) contradicts the comprehensive and holistic nature of PHC. High technology healthcare (D) may not always be feasible or accessible in resource-limited settings, which is a key consideration in PHC implementation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Physical inactivity. Physical inactivity is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases because regular exercise helps maintain a healthy heart and blood vessels. It reduces the risk of developing conditions like high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and obesity, which are all linked to cardiovascular diseases. In contrast, choices A, C, and D are not major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Low cholesterol levels (A) are usually considered beneficial for heart health, low blood pressure (C) is generally a sign of good cardiovascular health, and while adequate sleep (D) is important for overall well-being, it is not directly linked to cardiovascular diseases.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because a community health nurse focuses on promoting health and preventing disease within the community through education, advocacy, and preventive care. This role involves working with individuals, families, and communities to improve overall health outcomes. A: Providing acute care in hospitals is incorrect as this is typically the role of hospital nurses, not community health nurses. B: Conducting surgeries is incorrect as this is a task performed by surgeons or operating room nurses, not community health nurses. D: Diagnosing and treating medical conditions is incorrect as this falls under the responsibility of healthcare providers such as physicians or nurse practitioners, not community health nurses.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step 1: Weight monitoring is crucial to assess maternal health and fetal growth. Step 2: Blood pressure measurement helps detect and manage hypertension in pregnancy. Step 3: Nutritional counseling ensures proper intake of nutrients for maternal and fetal well-being. Step 4: All components (A, B, C) are essential for a comprehensive antenatal care program to address different aspects of maternal and fetal health. Thus, D is the correct answer. Weight monitoring, blood pressure measurement, and nutritional counseling are all vital components of antenatal care to ensure the well-being of both the mother and the baby.