What is the purpose of a population pyramid?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To illustrate the age and sex composition of a population. Population pyramids graphically represent the age and gender structure of a population, showing the distribution of different age groups and genders within a population at a specific point in time. This information is crucial for policymakers and demographers to understand population dynamics, such as birth rates, life expectancy, and potential workforce size. Choice A (To show the distribution of income levels) is incorrect because income levels are not typically depicted in a population pyramid. Choice C (To compare the incidence of diseases) is incorrect because population pyramids do not provide information on disease prevalence. Choice D (To display the literacy rates) is incorrect as literacy rates are also not typically included in population pyramids.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 6 months. Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended by WHO for the first 6 months of a baby's life. This is because breast milk provides all the essential nutrients and antibodies needed for a baby's optimal growth and development during this critical period. Introducing other foods or liquids before 6 months can increase the risk of infections and allergies in infants. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not align with the WHO guidelines for exclusive breastfeeding duration.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Nutritional counseling. Prenatal care focuses on ensuring the health of both the mother and the developing baby. Proper nutrition is essential for the well-being of both, as it supports the baby's growth and development and helps prevent complications for the mother. Nutritional counseling provides guidance on maintaining a balanced diet, taking necessary supplements, and managing any dietary restrictions during pregnancy. Routine immunizations (A) are important but not typically a primary component of prenatal care. Surgical interventions (C) and radiologic exams (D) are generally avoided during pregnancy unless absolutely necessary due to potential risks to the fetus. Therefore, B is the most essential component for prenatal care.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because the purpose of the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) is to ensure all children receive routine immunizations to prevent various communicable diseases. EPI focuses on providing vaccines to children at specific ages to build immunity and protect them from serious illnesses. It does not provide emergency medical services (A), offer specialized treatments for rare diseases (C), or manage chronic health conditions (D). By prioritizing routine immunizations, EPI aims to reduce the burden of vaccine-preventable diseases and improve overall public health.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Encouraging skin-to-skin contact after birth. This practice is part of the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) as it promotes bonding, initiates breastfeeding, and helps regulate the baby's temperature and breathing. Skin-to-skin contact also supports the establishment of breastfeeding and enhances maternal-infant attachment. Incorrect Choices: A: Promoting the use of infant formula - This goes against the BFHI, which promotes exclusive breastfeeding. C: Separating mother and baby after delivery - BFHI encourages keeping mother and baby together to promote bonding and breastfeeding. D: Scheduling feedings at fixed intervals - BFHI promotes feeding on demand to support breastfeeding and responsive feeding practices.