Correct Answer: B

Rationale: A population pyramid is a graphical illustration that shows the age and sex composition of a population. It displays the percentage or number of individuals in different age groups and gender categories. This tool helps in understanding the demographic structure of a population, including aspects such as birth rates, death rates, life expectancy, and dependency ratios.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: A population pyramid is a graphical illustration that shows the age and sex composition of a population. It displays the percentage or number of individuals in different age groups and gender categories. This tool helps in understanding the demographic structure of a population, including aspects such as birth rates, death rates, life expectancy, and dependency ratios.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: A community needs assessment is conducted to identify and prioritize the health needs of a community. It helps in planning appropriate interventions and allocating resources to address the most pressing health concerns of the community. This process is essential for developing effective public health programs and initiatives tailored to the specific needs of the population.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Maternal HIV infection is a contraindication for breastfeeding because it poses a risk of transmission to the infant. HIV can be transmitted through breast milk, putting the baby at risk of acquiring the infection. Therefore, it is recommended that mothers with HIV do not breastfeed to prevent the transmission of the virus to their infants.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Antiretroviral therapy is a crucial strategy in preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV. By providing antiretroviral medications to the mother during pregnancy, labor, and breastfeeding, the risk of transmitting the virus to the child is significantly reduced. This treatment approach has been shown to be highly effective in reducing the likelihood of HIV transmission from mother to child.