What is the primary symptom of a peptic ulcer?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The primary symptom of a peptic ulcer is abdominal pain. Peptic ulcers are sores that develop on the lining of the stomach, small intestine, or esophagus, causing a dull or burning pain in the stomach area. This pain typically occurs when the stomach is empty and can be relieved by eating or taking antacids. Nausea (choice A) and vomiting (choice D) can occur but are not typically the primary symptoms of a peptic ulcer. Heartburn (choice B) is more commonly associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) rather than peptic ulcers.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The primary goal of nursing care for a patient with a bleeding peptic ulcer is to manage and prevent shock (Choice B). This is because bleeding from the ulcer can lead to hypovolemic shock, a life-threatening condition. Nursing interventions focus on stabilizing the patient's condition by monitoring vital signs, administering IV fluids, and preparing for potential blood transfusions. Decreasing pain (Choice A) is important but not the primary goal in this emergency situation. Similarly, reducing anxiety (Choice C) and educating about dietary restrictions (Choice D) are important aspects of care but are not the immediate priority when the patient is at risk of shock.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Caffeinated beverages. Caffeine can stimulate acid production in the stomach, leading to increased irritation and worsening of symptoms in patients with peptic ulcer disease (PUD). Avoiding caffeinated beverages helps reduce gastric acid secretion, promoting healing and symptom relief. Incorrect choices: A: Whole grains - Whole grains are generally recommended for PUD patients as they provide fiber and nutrients without irritating the stomach. C: Fresh fruits - Fresh fruits are typically well-tolerated by PUD patients and provide essential vitamins and minerals. D: Lean meats - Lean meats are a good source of protein and are generally safe for PUD patients, as long as they are not fried or heavily seasoned.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To create a protective barrier in the stomach. Bismuth subsalicylate forms a protective coating on the stomach lining, acting as a barrier to protect against stomach acid and irritants, promoting healing of peptic ulcers. A: To reduce acid production - While some medications like proton pump inhibitors reduce acid production, bismuth subsalicylate does not primarily function in this manner for PUD treatment. C: To increase mucus secretion - Bismuth subsalicylate does not directly increase mucus secretion, although it may indirectly support mucosal protection. D: To eradicate H. pylori - Bismuth subsalicylate does not directly target H. pylori bacteria, which is typically addressed with antibiotics in PUD treatment.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Gastric outlet obstruction requires immediate decompression to relieve pressure and prevent complications. Inserting a nasogastric tube allows for drainage of gastric contents and relieves the obstruction. Administering an antiemetic (Choice A) may provide temporary relief but does not address the underlying issue. Offering clear liquids (Choice C) can worsen the obstruction. Encouraging ambulation (Choice D) is not appropriate as the patient needs immediate intervention for the obstruction.