ATI LPN
Questions on the Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 4
What is the primary source of energy for Earth's climate system?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Solar radiation is the primary energy source for Earth's climate system, delivering ~1361 W/m² at the top of the atmosphere (solar constant), driving weather, ocean currents, and the hydrologic cycle. Geothermal heat (~0.087 W/m²) from Earth's core is minor, mainly affecting tectonics, not climate. Tidal forces from the Moon influence oceans but provide negligible energy for climate. Cosmic background radiation (~2.7 K, microwaves) is far too weak. Solar energy's dominance is evident ~99.97% of climate energy comes from the Sun, absorbed and redistributed via atmosphere and surface processes (e.g., albedo, greenhouse effect), making it the fundamental driver, per climate science (e.g., IPCC), distinguishing it from trivial contributors.
Question 2 of 4
The muscle that forms part of the true vocal cord is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: True vocal cords are formed by the vocal ligament (cricovocal membrane) and vocalis muscle, a part of the thyroarytenoid (A), which adjusts tension and adducts cords. Cricothyroid (B) tenses cords externally, thyrohyoid (C) elevates the larynx, and transverse arytenoid (D) adducts arytenoids, but only A directly integrates into the cord structure.
Question 3 of 4
Which of the following secrete mucus:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Goblet cells (A) are unicellular glands in respiratory and intestinal epithelia, secreting mucus to trap particles and lubricate surfaces. Serous cells (B), in salivary glands, produce watery, enzyme-rich secretions, not thick mucus. Parietal cells (C) in the stomach secrete hydrochloric acid, aiding digestion, not mucus. Chief cells (D) release pepsinogen, a digestive enzyme precursor, not mucus. A is correct goblet cells' mucin-filled vesicles distinguish them as mucus producers, unlike the others, which have specialized secretory roles unrelated to mucus production.
Question 4 of 4
Type of epithelium found in PCT:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) is lined with simple cuboidal epithelium (B), featuring microvilli for reabsorption of water, ions, and nutrients from filtrate. Simple squamous (A) is in alveoli, too thin for reabsorption. Simple columnar (C) lines the intestine, not PCT. Stratified squamous (D) is protective (e.g., skin), not tubular. B is correct cuboidal cells' height and brush border optimize PCT's reabsorptive function, unlike the others' roles.