What is the primary purpose of providing iron supplementation to pregnant women?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: To prevent anemia. Iron supplementation in pregnant women is primarily aimed at preventing iron-deficiency anemia, a common condition during pregnancy due to increased demand for iron. Anemia can lead to complications for both the mother and the fetus, such as low birth weight and preterm birth. Providing iron helps maintain adequate hemoglobin levels for optimal oxygen transport. Summary of why other choices are incorrect: B: Supporting fetal growth is an important aspect of prenatal care, but iron supplementation specifically targets preventing anemia. C: While iron deficiency may contribute to premature labor, the primary purpose of iron supplementation is to prevent anemia. D: Postpartum hemorrhage risk is more related to factors such as uterine atony and trauma during childbirth, not directly impacted by iron supplementation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step 1: Target/client list is most useful as it provides a comprehensive list of clients in long-term regimens. Step 2: It allows for easy monitoring of individual progress and adherence to treatment plans. Step 3: Tally report (A) only provides a count, lacking specific client information. Step 4: Output report (B) may not include all necessary client details. Step 5: Individual health record (D) is specific to one client, not ideal for overall monitoring.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B (4 weeks) for the minimum interval between two doses of the MMR vaccine. This interval is necessary for the body to develop a strong immune response to the vaccine components. Waiting at least 4 weeks allows the immune system to properly process and respond to the initial dose before receiving the second dose. Administering the second dose too soon may result in a weaker immune response and decreased effectiveness of the vaccine. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they are not in line with the recommended minimum interval for effective vaccination.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because putting the baby to breast stimulates the release of oxytocin, which helps the uterus contract and reduce post-delivery blood loss. This promotes faster recovery for the mother. A: Incorrect - Lactation usually begins within 24-48 hours, not 1 to 3 days after delivery. B: Incorrect - Nipple stretching exercises are not necessary for breastfeeding success and can cause discomfort. C: Incorrect - Excessive washing of nipples can strip away natural oils and cause dryness or irritation, affecting breastfeeding.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, under 5-year-old children. They are particularly vulnerable to protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) due to their high nutritional needs for growth and development. Infants and young children have limited food intake capacity and are dependent on caregivers for proper nutrition. This age group is at a critical stage of growth, making them more susceptible to the negative impact of malnutrition on physical and cognitive development. Pregnant women and the elderly (choice A) have specific nutritional needs but are not as vulnerable to PEM as young children. Choices C and D are incorrect as 1-4-year-old children and school-age children have a lower risk of PEM compared to under 5-year-old children.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Number of registered live births. The general fertility rate is calculated by dividing the number of live births in a specific period by the total number of women of reproductive age during that period. This numerator reflects the actual occurrence of live births in the population, making it the most appropriate measure for determining fertility rates accurately. A: Estimated midyear population is not used as the numerator because it does not directly measure fertility rates. C: Number of pregnancies in the year includes all pregnancies, not just live births, which would overestimate the fertility rate. D: Number of females of reproductive age is not used as the numerator as it represents the total population, not the specific group giving birth.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The sex ratio is calculated by dividing the number of males by the number of females and multiplying by 100. In this case, (35,299,000 / 34,968,000) x 100 = 100.94:100. This means for every 100 females, there are 100.94 males, indicating a slightly higher number of males. Choice A (99.06:100) is incorrect as it suggests fewer males than females, which is not the case. Choice C (50.23%) and choice D (49.76%) are incorrect as they represent percentages rather than ratios, leading to a misleading interpretation of the data.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D (2,300). To estimate the number of 1-4 year old children who should be given Retinol capsules 200,000 every 6 months in the municipality, we can use the rule of thumb that around 10-15% of the population falls within the 1-4 age group. With a population of 20,000, this translates to approximately 2,000-3,000 children. Since 200,000 capsules are provided every 6 months, we can divide this by the number of children to determine the number of capsules per child. Therefore, 200,000 / 2,300 ≈ 87 capsules per child over 6 months, which is a reasonable estimate. Summary of other choices: A: 1,500 - This is too low given the population estimate and age group percentage. B: 1,800 - This is also too low given the population estimate and age group percentage. C

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Crude birth rate. Natality rate refers to the number of live births per 1,000 people in a population per year. The crude birth rate includes all live births in a population without any adjustments. B: Neonatal mortality rate measures the number of deaths within the first 28 days of life per 1,000 live births. C: Infant mortality rate measures the number of deaths within the first year of life per 1,000 live births. D: General fertility rate measures the number of live births per 1,000 women of childbearing age.