What is the primary goal of health education?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The primary goal of health education is to change behavior for improved health. This involves educating individuals on healthy lifestyle choices, preventive measures, and disease management strategies. By empowering individuals with knowledge and skills, health education aims to promote better health outcomes. Diagnosing diseases (choice A) and providing emergency medical care (choice C) are responsibilities of healthcare professionals, not the primary goal of health education. Performing surgeries (choice D) is a medical intervention and not within the scope of health education's primary goal.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Vaccination. Preventive measures aim to prevent diseases before they occur. Vaccination helps the immune system recognize and fight specific pathogens, reducing the risk of infection and disease transmission. Chemotherapy (A) is a treatment for cancer, not prevention. Radiation therapy (C) and surgical intervention (D) are also treatments rather than preventive measures. Vaccination stands out as the only option that directly addresses disease prevention, making it the correct choice.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Poliomyelitis. The EPI targets diseases for eradication through vaccination programs. Polio is a priority due to its devastating effects and the effectiveness of the polio vaccine. Hepatitis B (A) is not currently targeted for eradication. Diphtheria (B) and Tuberculosis (D) are controlled through vaccination and treatment but are not targeted for global eradication efforts.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Breastfeeding provides passive immunity to the infant. Breast milk contains antibodies that help protect the baby from infections. This passive immunity is crucial for the infant's developing immune system. A: Breastfeeding does not directly reduce the risk of postpartum hemorrhage. C: Breastfeeding is actually associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer. D: Breastfeeding can delay the return of menstruation due to hormonal changes, but this is not the main benefit of breastfeeding. In summary, the key benefit of breastfeeding is providing passive immunity to the infant, which is crucial for their health and development.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To gather data on health status and needs. The primary purpose of conducting a health survey in a community is to systematically collect information on the health of the population, identify health issues, assess needs, and guide healthcare planning. This data helps in developing effective public health interventions and policies. Choice A (To provide medical treatment to individuals) is incorrect because health surveys focus on population-level data collection, not individual treatment. Choice C (To distribute health education materials) is incorrect as the primary purpose of a health survey is data collection, not distribution of materials. Choice D (To perform laboratory tests) is incorrect because health surveys typically involve collecting information through questionnaires and interviews, rather than conducting laboratory tests.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The recommended duration of exclusive breastfeeding is 6 months. This is because breast milk provides all the necessary nutrients for an infant's growth and development in the first 6 months of life. Introducing solid foods too early can increase the risk of infections and allergies. Choice A (3 months) is not ideal as it may not provide sufficient nutrients for the baby's growth. Choices C (9 months) and D (12 months) exceed the recommended duration and may not be necessary for exclusive breastfeeding, as other foods can be introduced after 6 months.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Community-wide health promotion and disease prevention. Community health nursing focuses on promoting health and preventing diseases within the community as a whole through education, advocacy, and collaboration. This includes addressing social determinants of health and implementing population-based interventions. Choice A is incorrect because community health nursing goes beyond individual patient care. Choice B is incorrect as it is more focused on acute care within hospital settings. Choice D is incorrect as it pertains to specialized medical treatment rather than the broader scope of community health nursing. In summary, the primary focus of community health nursing is on improving the health of the entire community through preventative measures and health promotion initiatives.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Reduces the risk of severe measles. Vitamin A helps strengthen the immune system, reducing the severity of infections like measles. Providing supplements can prevent complications and reduce mortality rates. A, C, and D are incorrect as Vitamin A specifically targets measles prevention, not cognitive development, anemia prevention, or physical growth. Measles is a major concern in children, and Vitamin A supplementation significantly benefits their health by reducing measles-related complications.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Infant mortality rate. This indicator reflects the number of infants who die before reaching one year of age per 1,000 live births. It is a crucial measure of the overall health of a population as it reflects the quality of healthcare, nutrition, and living conditions. High infant mortality rates indicate poor health outcomes and inadequate healthcare services. A: Literacy rate is not directly related to measuring the health status of a population. B: GDP measures the economic performance of a country and does not directly reflect the health status of its population. D: Employment rate is an indicator of the labor market situation, not specifically related to health status measurement.