ATI LPN
NCLEX Questions on the Renal System Questions
Question 1 of 5
What is the primary function of the kidneys in the urinary system?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The kidneys' primary function is blood filtration (B), removing waste (e.g., urea), regulating electrolytes, and maintaining fluid/acid-base balance via glomeruli, producing filtrate for urine. Storage (A) is the bladder's role, contractions (C) aid micturition, and urethra expansion (D) is minor, making B the core function.
Question 2 of 5
AII
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Angiotensin II (AII) increases sodium reabsorption (D) in the proximal tubule and via aldosterone, raising blood volume. It indirectly aids water (A), doesn't decrease sodium (B), and isn't self-forming (C), making D the key effect.
Question 3 of 5
Match the description 'Passively permeable to water under ADH stimulation' to the structure: A) proximal convoluted tubule, B) descending limb of the nephron loop, C) collecting duct, D) ascending limb of the nephron loop.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The collecting duct (C) becomes water-permeable with ADH via aquaporin-2, concentrating urine. The proximal tubule (A) and descending limb (B) are always permeable, and ascending limb (D) is not, making C the ADH-dependent match.
Question 4 of 5
If you took a drug that inhibited the reabsorption of Na⺠in the PCT, you would:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Inhibiting Na⺠reabsorption in the PCT (A) reduces water reabsorption, increasing urine output (diuresis). Decreased output (B) contradicts this, and bilirubin (C) or fat (D) effects are unrelated to sodium, making A correct.
Question 5 of 5
The majority of reabsorption occurs in the:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The PCT (B) reabsorbs ~65% of filtrate (water, ions, nutrients) due to its surface area and transporters. Renal capsule (A) is structural, collecting duct (C) adjusts, and ascending limb (D) dilutes, making B the majority site.