What is the order of the nursing process?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The nursing process is a systematic, five-step framework for delivering patient-centered care: assessing, diagnosing, planning, implementing, and evaluating. It begins with assessment, where the nurse collects comprehensive data about the patient's health status. Next, diagnosing involves analyzing this data to identify health problems or risks. Planning follows, where specific goals and interventions are developed. Implementation puts the plan into action, and evaluation assesses its effectiveness, potentially restarting the cycle if needed. This order ensures a logical flow from data collection to outcome review, optimizing patient care. The other options disrupt this sequence: starting with diagnosing or planning before assessing lacks foundational data, while placing evaluating before key steps like planning or implementing skips critical actions. Only assessing, diagnosing, planning, implementing, and evaluating follows the established, evidence-based progression used universally in nursing practice.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Maslow's hierarchy ranks physiological needs air, water, food as the most basic, essential for survival. Without these, higher needs (e.g., esteem) can't be met e.g., a hypoxic patient prioritizes breathing over relationships. Physical and psychological isn't a Maslow tier; it's vague, blending levels. Self-actualization, the top, involves fulfillment, reliant on all prior needs. Love and belonging, third-tier, depends on physiological and safety stability. In nursing, physiological needs like oxygen take precedence (e.g., stabilizing vitals before counseling), reflecting Maslow's logic: survival underpins all else, making this the most basic need driving care priorities.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The oxygen reservoir bag in a partial re-breathing mask stores oxygen, allowing the client to re-breathe the first third of exhaled air rich in oxygen, low in CO2 mixed with supplemental O2. This boosts FiO2 (40-60%) cost-effectively, ideal for moderate hypoxia (e.g., pneumonia). Encouraging CO2 re-breathing risks hypercapnia, opposite to intent. Reducing FiO2 contradicts the mask's purpose enhancing oxygen delivery. Precise FiO2 control fits non-rebreathing masks, not partial, which varies slightly. The re-breathing mechanism optimizes oxygen use, making this the correct function per respiratory care standards.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: All listed are part of Maslow's hierarchy, addressing different levels of human needs.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The stethoscope is the primary tool for auscultation.