ATI LPN
Pediatric Gi Nclex Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 9
What is the most likely underlying condition?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A newborn with respiratory distress, bilateral pleural effusions, dysmorphic features (hypertelorism, rotated ears, nuchal skin), and later juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) suggests Noonan syndrome (Choice C). This RASopathy is associated with congenital heart defects, lymphatic anomalies (causing effusions), and a predisposition to JMML. Cockayne syndrome (Choice A) involves growth failure and photosensitivity, not JMML. Fanconi anaemia (Choice B) causes marrow failure and malformations but not this lymphatic picture. Omenn syndrome (Choice D) is an immunodeficiency, not matching these features. Noonan syndrome aligns with the presentation.
Question 2 of 9
A child with a history of cystic fibrosis is diagnosed to have pneumonia based on chest x-ray findings. The sputum culture reveals Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The next step in management is:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: IV antibiotics are the standard for Pseudomonas pneumonia in cystic fibrosis, per CFF. A, B, D, E are inadequate alone.
Question 3 of 9
Intussusception would be suspected when parents describe the child's stools as:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Currant jelly stools (A) indicate intussusception due to blood and mucus from intestinal telescoping. Black tarry (B) suggests upper GI bleed, green (C) is nonspecific, and greasy (D) indicates malabsorption. Document: 'Bowel movements of blood and mucus… [are] “currant jelly” stools.'
Question 4 of 9
A 3-year-old has been brought to the emergency department. She has a 'froglike' croaking sound on inspiration, is drooling and is very anxious. She continues to sit upright. Which of the following should this nurse do first?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Signs of epiglottitis (croaking sound, drooling, upright posture) require immediate physician notification and tracheostomy prep (C) due to airway emergency risk. Examining the pharynx (A) risks obstruction, mist tents (B) are ineffective here, and lying down (D) worsens breathing. Document: 'Epiglottitis is always a medical emergency requiring… immediate medical evaluation.'
Question 5 of 9
A child with a fracture in traction should be monitored for
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: All D are critical in traction, per document p58, 3.
Question 6 of 9
An early complication of meningitis is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cerebral edema A is an acute meningitis complication, per document 2.
Question 7 of 9
A nurse is developing playful ways to engage the child following an operative procedure. Which of the following postoperative interventions can the nurse use? Select one that does not apply.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Popsicles , pinwheels , decorating dressings , and prizes engage playfully. Ambulation depends on orders and condition.
Question 8 of 9
A newborn with a history of maternal polyhydramnios failed to pass meconium within the first 24 hours of life. He appears with abdominal distension and bilious vomiting. Most likely diagnosis is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Duodenal atresia matches polyhydramnios, bilious vomiting, and obstruction, per AAP. A, C-E are less consistent.
Question 9 of 9
Plumbism is defined as:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Plumbism (C) is lead poisoning, from Latin 'plumbum' (lead). Other options are unrelated conditions. Document: 'Plumbism is also known as lead poisoning.'