ATI LPN
Pediatric Gi Disorders Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
What is the most likely diagnosis for this infant?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A 5-day-old with severe heart failure, poor pulses, gallop rhythm, click, and ejection systolic murmur suggests critical aortic stenosis (Choice D). This congenital narrowing obstructs left ventricular outflow, causing heart failure and diminished pulses early in life. Arteriovenous malformation (Choice A) doesn’t cause this cardiac picture. Atrioventricular septal defect (Choice B) presents later with shunts. Coarctation (Choice C) affects lower pulses more. Critical aortic stenosis fits the acute onset and findings.
Question 2 of 5
Inhaled glucocorticoid therapy can cause dysphonia in patients with asthma. The cause of dysphonia is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Vocal cord myopathy from inhaled glucocorticoids causes dysphonia via local steroid effects on laryngeal muscles (ATS). Fungal infection causes thrush, and C-E are unrelated.
Question 3 of 5
In hypernatremic dehydration, a rapid correction results in seizures due to:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Idiogenic osmoles in brain cells, formed during hypernatremia, draw water in during rapid correction, causing edema and seizures (UpToDate). B-E are incorrect.
Question 4 of 5
Most common cause of metabolic acidosis in children is:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Diarrhea is the most common cause of metabolic acidosis in kids via bicarbonate loss (AAP). A-D are less frequent.
Question 5 of 5
A newborn appears with multiple seizures within the first few hours of life. Multiple anticonvulsant medications have failed to control seizure activities. Most likely enzyme deficiency in this patient is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Glutamic acid decarboxylase deficiency causes pyridoxine-dependent seizures, resistant to standard anticonvulsants (NORD). A, C-E cause other metabolic issues.