ATI LPN
Questions for Cardiovascular Assessment Questions
Question 1 of 5
What is the most important nursing consideration for a patient with renal failure prescribed spironolactone?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic, and patients with renal failure are at higher risk for hyperkalemia. Monitoring potassium levels is crucial.
Question 2 of 5
A patient presents to the hospital with head trauma. He has an elevated sodium level and a large volume of dilute urine. He is found to have diabetes insipidus. Which is most true:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Head trauma can cause central diabetes insipidus (DI) by damaging the pituitary or hypothalamus, leading to reduced ADH and resulting in dilute urine and hypernatremia. This can be partial or complete, making A correct. DDAVP is effective only in central DI, not nephrogenic, and fluid restriction is inappropriate here.
Question 3 of 5
A 76 yo male, diabetic, smoker is seen in the office with exertional bilateral leg discomfort after walking 1 block. He has a history of chronic low back pain and hyperlipidemia. You perform an exam including ABI's and they are 1.1 on the right and 0.9 on the left. You recommend to the patient:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: ABI of 0.9 suggests borderline PAD, and exertional symptoms in a high-risk patient warrant further evaluation with exercise ABI testing to confirm obstructive PAD.
Question 4 of 5
A 30 yo woman fell asleep with her legs crossed during a graduate lecture. When she awoke, she noted that the right foot was tingling and noted the foot was 'slapping' on the ground. These most likely represent which of the following?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Peroneal nerve compression from prolonged leg crossing causes foot drop and tingling, resolving with time.
Question 5 of 5
54 year-old man with rectal carcinoma is receiving 5-FU by continuous infusion along with preoperative radiation. He presents with painfully swollen hands and feet, and blistering is noted. The most appropriate treatment for this patient is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: This describes hand-foot syndrome, a common 5-FU side effect. Holding treatment and supportive care (e.g., moisturizers, pain relief) allow recovery without permanently stopping therapy, which may still benefit the patient.