ATI LPN
Nclex-Pn Practice Questions Pediatrics Questions
Question 1 of 5
What is the most appropriate therapy to maximise his urinary excretion of aspirin?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) overdose requires enhanced excretion. Urinary alkalinisation (Choice D) with bicarbonate increases urine pH, ionizing salicylate (weak acid), trapping it in urine for excretion, and is the standard approach. Allopurinol (Choice A) treats gout, not relevant. Forced diuresis with furosemide (Choice B) increases volume but not pH. Hyperhydration (Choice C) dilutes but doesn’t optimize excretion. Alkalinisation is most effective.
Question 2 of 5
The diagnosis of an umbilical arterial thrombus in a preterm newborn is usually made by:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Aortic ultrasonography directly visualizes umbilical arterial thrombus in preterms, being non-invasive and specific (AAP). Other options (A-C, E) are less diagnostic.
Question 3 of 5
A child was treated with baking soda for an upset stomach. Most likely complication is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) overdose causes hypernatremia from excess sodium, potentially with alkalosis (UpToDate). A, C-E are less likely.
Question 4 of 5
Listeria monocytogenes is sensitive to all of the following antibiotics except:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Listeria is resistant to cephalosporins due to cell wall properties (IDSA). B-E are effective.
Question 5 of 5
The most common cardiovascular anomaly in Williams syndrome is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Supravalvular aortic stenosis is the most common cardiac defect in Williams syndrome, per NIH. B-E are less frequent.