ATI LPN
Pediatric Gi Practice Questions Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 9
What is the most appropriate antibiotic for treatment of her pneumonia?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A 10-year-old with lobar pneumonia and a history of cefaclor reaction (rash, target lesions, arthralgia) and familial penicillin anaphylaxis requires a safe antibiotic. Clindamycin (Choice C) is appropriate for community-acquired pneumonia, covering Streptococcus pneumoniae and some atypicals, and avoids beta-lactam cross-reactivity risks from her cephalosporin reaction and penicillin family history. Ceftriaxone (Choice A) and penicillin (Choice D), as beta-lactams, risk allergic reactions. Ciprofloxacin (Choice B) is less preferred in children due to side effects and atypical coverage focus. Clindamycin is the safest, effective choice.
Question 2 of 9
When examining a 2-year-old child with an otoscope, the nurse should
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pulling the pinna down and back D straightens the ear canal in children under 3, per standard pediatric procedure document p3, .
Question 3 of 9
The most important nursing action for a child with a cast is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Monitoring circulation A prevents complications, per document p51, 9.
Question 4 of 9
Which respiratory parameter determines the volume of the lung that does not eliminate CO2?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Physiologic dead space is the lung volume not participating in CO2 elimination, including anatomic dead space plus alveolar dead space from non-perfused alveoli. Anatomic dead space (Choice A) is part but incomplete. Expiratory reserve capacity (Choice B) is functional volume. FEV1 (Choice C) and FVC (Choice D) measure flow and capacity, not dead space. Physiologic dead space is the full answer.
Question 5 of 9
A 1-year-old girl presents with recurrent pneumonia and digital clubbing. Sweat chloride test is positive. Most likely diagnosis is:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cystic fibrosis fits pneumonia and positive sweat test, per CFF. A, B, D, E differ.
Question 6 of 9
A 5-year-old boy appears with wheezing and shortness of breath after exposure to a cat. Physical examination reveals bilateral wheezing and respiratory distress. He improves significantly after nebulized albuterol therapy. Most likely diagnosis is:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Asthma fits a 5-year-old with allergen-triggered wheezing responsive to albuterol (ATS). Bronchiolitis is less likely at this age, and A, B, E don’t match.
Question 7 of 9
Parents bring their infant to the clinic seeking treatment for vomiting and diarrhea that has lasted for 2 days. On assessment, the nurse detects dry skin and mucous membranes, and listlessness. What other findings suggests a fluid volume deficit?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sunken eyes and fontanel (C) indicate fluid volume deficit in infants due to dehydration from fluid loss. Dehydration causes increased pulse (not decreased, A), decreased BP (not increased, B), and high specific gravity (not low, D). Document: 'Signs of fluid volume deficit… include sunken fontanels, increased pulse rate, and decreased blood pressure.'
Question 8 of 9
A 2-month-old infant presents with poor feeding and tachypnea. Echocardiogram shows a large atrial septal defect. The next step is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Diuretics manage heart failure in large ASDs, per AHA. A is for severe cases, C-E are not primary.
Question 9 of 9
A 6-month-old infant presents with stridor and respiratory distress. Laryngoscopy shows subglottic narrowing. Most likely diagnosis is:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Subglottic stenosis features chronic stridor, per AAP. A, B, D, E differ.