What is the interval between tetanus toxoid doses for pregnant women?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct interval between tetanus toxoid doses for pregnant women is 4 weeks. This short interval ensures optimal immunity for both the mother and the baby against tetanus. Giving the dose every 4 weeks during pregnancy helps maintain the protective levels of antibodies. Waiting longer intervals could decrease the effectiveness of the vaccine and leave the mother and baby vulnerable to tetanus infection. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because longer intervals between doses may not provide adequate protection and could compromise immunity levels during pregnancy.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because if the mother does not feel nipple pain, it indicates that the baby has latched on properly. Nipple pain is a common sign of improper latch, which can lead to discomfort and ineffective breastfeeding. The other choices are incorrect: A indicates ineffective sucking, C suggests a shallow latch, and D signifies a shallow latch that only involves the nipple, not the areola, leading to potential issues with milk transfer and nipple pain.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 1-4 year old age-specific mortality rate. This statistic reflects the overall health and nutritional status of a population by focusing on a specific age group vulnerable to malnutrition-related issues. It provides a comprehensive view of the impact of nutrition on child health and development. Proportionate mortality rate (B) measures the distribution of causes of death, not specifically related to nutrition. Infant mortality rate (C) focuses on deaths within the first year of life, which may not fully capture the nutritional status of the whole population. Swaroop's index (D) assesses life expectancy and income level, but does not directly measure nutritional status.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Crude birth rate. Natality rate refers to the number of live births per 1,000 people in a population per year. The crude birth rate includes all live births in a population without any adjustments. B: Neonatal mortality rate measures the number of deaths within the first 28 days of life per 1,000 live births. C: Infant mortality rate measures the number of deaths within the first year of life per 1,000 live births. D: General fertility rate measures the number of live births per 1,000 women of childbearing age.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Smallpox. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared the Philippines and other countries in the Western Pacific Region 'free' of smallpox due to successful global vaccination campaigns. Smallpox is caused by the variola virus and is characterized by a distinctive rash. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Pneumonic plague is a severe form of the bubonic plague caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. B: Poliomyelitis is a viral infection that can lead to paralysis, but it was not eradicated in 1980. D: Anthrax is a bacterial infection that primarily affects animals but can also infect humans.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: RA 8483. This law specifically established the Philippine Institute of Traditional and Alternative Health Care. RA 4823, RA 2483, and RA 3482 are incorrect as they do not pertain to the creation of this institute. RA 4823 is about the Agricultural Land Reform Code, RA 2483 is about the Philippine Medical Care Commission, and RA 3482 is about the Philippine Medical Association. Therefore, based on the specific content of each law, A is the correct choice for the creation of the Philippine Institute of Traditional and Alternative Health Care.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Letter of Instruction No. 949. This document issued by the Philippine government in 1979 officially adopted the Primary Health Care (PHC) approach. It outlined the strategies and framework for implementing PHC nationwide. The Alma Ata Declaration on PHC (A) is a global agreement but not the legal basis in the Philippines. Presidential Decree No. 147 (C) and Presidential Decree No. 996 (D) do not specifically address the PHC approach. Therefore, the legal basis for PHC in the Philippines is Letter of Instruction No. 949.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Magnitude of the health problem. In community health care, prioritizing based on the magnitude of the health problem is crucial as it helps identify issues affecting a large number of individuals. By addressing high-impact problems first, resources can be maximized to benefit the community as a whole. Modifiability (A) is important but not unique to community health. Nature of the problem (B) can vary and may not always indicate priority. Preventive potential (D) is valuable but does not solely determine priority in community health care.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Vitamin A. During measles, Vitamin A supplementation is crucial to reduce the risk of complications and improve recovery. Vitamin A deficiency is common in children with measles and can lead to severe outcomes. Tetanus toxoid (A) is not indicated in measles treatment. Vitamin D (C) and Vitamin E (D) do not play a significant role in managing measles symptoms. In summary, Vitamin A is essential for children with measles to prevent complications and support recovery, making it the correct choice among the options provided.