What is the goal of the Safe Motherhood Initiative?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The goal of the Safe Motherhood Initiative is to improve maternal health. This includes reducing maternal mortality rates and ensuring safe childbirth practices. Providing free medical services (choice C) and promoting exclusive breastfeeding (choice D) are important aspects, but not the primary goal. Choice A is focused on child mortality, not maternal health. Thus, the correct answer is B as it directly aligns with the main objective of the initiative.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The purpose of a community needs assessment is to identify and prioritize the health needs of a community as a whole, not individual health conditions. This process helps in understanding the specific issues affecting the community and guides the development of effective intervention strategies. Evaluating treatment plans or providing emergency medical services is not the primary goal of a needs assessment. Therefore, option B is correct as it aligns with the main objective of assessing community health needs.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Secondary prevention aims to detect and treat a disease in its early stages to prevent complications. Screening for hypertension (Choice C) is an example as it involves identifying individuals at risk of developing high blood pressure-related issues. Vaccination (Choice A) is a form of primary prevention. Health education (Choice B) is more focused on promoting healthy behaviors. Rehabilitation therapy (Choice D) is part of tertiary prevention, aimed at improving function after a disease has occurred.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: To provide couples with the information and means to control fertility. This is because the primary aim of the Family Planning Program is to empower individuals with the knowledge and resources to make informed decisions about family size and spacing. This includes access to contraceptives, education about reproductive health, and support for family planning choices. A: To improve infant nutrition - This is not the primary aim of the Family Planning Program, although family planning can indirectly contribute to better infant nutrition by spacing births appropriately. B: To reduce maternal mortality - While family planning can help reduce maternal mortality by preventing unintended pregnancies and unsafe abortions, it is not the primary aim of the program. C: To prevent sexually transmitted infections - Although promoting safe sex practices is important in family planning, preventing STIs is not the primary aim of the program.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Antiretroviral therapy. This is a key strategy because it involves giving HIV medications to the mother during pregnancy, labor, and delivery, as well as to the newborn, significantly reducing the risk of transmission. Antiretroviral therapy helps lower the viral load in the mother's body, making it less likely for the virus to be passed on to the child. Exclusive breastfeeding (choice A) can increase the risk of transmission, routine immunization (choice B) does not directly prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV, and nutritional supplementation (choice D) is not a primary strategy for preventing transmission.