ATI LPN
Exam Questions on Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
What is the function of the foramen ovale during fetal life?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The foramen ovale, an atrial septal opening in fetuses, allows blood to flow from the right atrium to the left, bypassing lungs oxygen comes from the placenta via umbilical veins. Ventricular shunting isn't its role (ductus arteriosus does that). It's not a vena cava valve or aortic backflow preventer. This shunt, closing post-birth (fossa ovalis), optimizes fetal circulation, key in congenital defects like ASD where it persists, affecting oxygenation.
Question 2 of 5
The organ of the respiratory system where air is warmed, moistened and cleaned is the:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nose (A) warms, moistens, and cleans air, per the key. Its turbinates increase surface area (150 cm²), warming air to 37°C, humidifying to 90%, and trapping particles via mucus/hairs (e.g., 10 μm filtered). The pharynx (B) conducts air/food, larynx (C) phonates, and trachea (D) conducts none match the nose's conditioning role. Physiology texts note nasal mucosa's vascularity and cilia clear 10000 L/day of air, distinguishing A from B's passageway, C's vocal function, or D's cartilage-supported conduit only the nose preps air for alveoli.
Question 3 of 5
Pharmacological treatment would the nurse administer at prevention of pulmonary embolism?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Enoxaparin (C) prevents pulmonary embolism (PE), per document (3). This anticoagulant (LMWH) inhibits factor Xa, reducing clot risk (e.g., 40 mg/day). Streptokinase (A) dissolves clots, not prevents. Vitamin K (B) reverses anticoagulation opposite effect. Protamine (D) counters heparin overdose. PE prophylaxis (e.g., post-surgery) relies on C's antithrombotic action 80% risk reduction unlike A's thrombolysis or B's clotting aid.
Question 4 of 5
What would be a priority nursing intervention for a child with bronchiolitis?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: High-Fowler's (C) is priority for bronchiolitis, per document (implied 3). Upright (60°) eases RSV dyspnea (RR >40), improving O₂ (SpO₂ >92%). Stimulation (A) worsens distress. I&O (B) monitors, not intervenes. Fluids (D) risk aspiration if tachypneic. C's positioning Vt up 20% directly aids breathing, unlike B's tracking, per AAP guidelines.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse documents which expected findings after auscultating the lungs of a child with bacterial pneumonia?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Crackles (B) are expected in bacterial pneumonia, per document (2). Consolidation (e.g., S. pneumoniae) fills alveoli with exudate (100 mL), causing fine crackles (80% cases) on inspiration fluid popping open. Wheezes (A) fit asthma. Apnea (C) is fatigue, not auscultation. Retractions (D) are visual. B's sound per ATS flags infection, unlike A's obstruction.