ATI LPN
Questions on the Urinary System Questions
Question 1 of 5
What is the function of Prostaglandin F in the regulation of GFR?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Prostaglandin F (PGF) causes renal vasoconstriction, reducing renal blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). This contrasts with prostaglandins D, I, and E, which vasodilate. By constricting afferent and efferent arterioles, PGF decreases the pressure driving filtration, serving as a regulatory mechanism under certain conditions like inflammation. It does not directly affect sodium or water reabsorption, making B the correct function.
Question 2 of 5
Which method of transport is used for peptides in the process of reabsorption?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Peptides in the proximal convoluted tubule are reabsorbed via endocytosis. Filtered peptides are taken up by apical microvilli into tubular cells, where they're broken down into amino acids and released into the blood. This receptor-mediated process differs from facilitated diffusion (glucose), active transport (Naâº), or passive diffusion (urea), making C correct.
Question 3 of 5
Increase alveolar ventilation decreases what?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Increased alveolar ventilation expels more COâ‚‚, reducing blood PCOâ‚‚. Per the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation (pH = 6.1 + log([HCO₃â»]/[0.03 × PCOâ‚‚])), lower PCOâ‚‚ increases pH (respiratory alkalosis) and decreases extracellular H⺠concentration, as H⺠binds with HCO₃â». Options A, B, and D misalign with this, making C correct.
Question 4 of 5
An 80-year-old patient is placed in isolation when infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The patient was alert and oriented on admission, but is now having visual hallucinations and can follow only simple directions. The medical-surgical nurse recognizes that the changes in the patient's mental status are related to:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Isolation reduces sensory input, and in an 80-year-old, this sensory deprivation (C) can cause confusion, hallucinations, and reduced comprehension, especially with limited stimulation. Fluid/electrolyte imbalance (A) lacks supporting data (e.g., labs), a stimulating environment (B) contradicts isolation, and sundowning (D) ties to evening confusion, not isolation, making C the likely cause.
Question 5 of 5
What is the primary role of the detrusor muscle during the resting stage of micturition?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: During the resting (filling) stage of micturition, the detrusor muscle, a smooth muscle in the bladder wall, contracts minimally and stretches to accommodate urine (C), maintaining continence with sphincter tone. Urination (A) and sphincter relaxation (B) occur during voiding, and control (D) is broader, making C correct.