ATI LPN
Multiple Choice Questions Renal System Questions
Question 1 of 5
What is the filtration membrane, where is it located and what is it made of?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The filtration membrane is a three-layered structure between the blood in glomerular capillaries and the glomerular capsule's interior. It comprises the fenestrated endothelium (allowing small molecules to pass), the basement membrane (a fused basal lamina filtering proteins), and the visceral layer of the capsule (podocytes with filtration slits). This setup filters plasma into the capsule, unlike the proximal tubule (reabsorption) or collecting duct (water adjustment), making B the correct description.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following is true about glucose reabsorption from the tubular lumen to the tubular cell?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Glucose reabsorption from the tubular lumen to the proximal tubule cell occurs via secondary active transport using sodium-glucose cotransporters (SGLT). The Na⺠gradient, maintained by Naâº/Kâº-ATPase, drives glucose uptake against its gradient, requiring energy indirectly. It's not passive (A, C) or downhill (B), making D correct.
Question 3 of 5
In presence of ADH, the reabsorption of water in collecting duct:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: With ADH, water reabsorption in the collecting duct is passive, driven by the osmotic gradient (up to 1200 mOsm/kg Hâ‚‚O) in the medulla. ADH increases aquaporin-2 in both cortical and medullary segments, allowing water to move down its gradient, not actively pumped. It's not limited to cortical (D) or active (A, B), making C correct.
Question 4 of 5
A patient who received spinal anesthesia four hours ago during surgery is transferred to the surgical unit and, after 90 minutes, now reports severe incisional pain. The patient's blood pressure is 170/90 mmHg, pulse is 108 beats/min, temperature is 99°F (37.2°C), and respirations are 30 breaths/min. The patient's skin is pale, and the surgical dressing is dry and intact. The most appropriate nursing intervention is to:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Severe pain, elevated BP (170/90 mmHg), tachycardia (108 beats/min), tachypnea (30 breaths/min), and pallor suggest a significant issue (e.g., bleeding, shock) post-spinal anesthesia, despite a dry dressing. Reporting to the provider (D) is the priority to ensure rapid assessment and intervention, as this exceeds nursing scope for immediate action like medication (A) or positioning/oxygen (B, C) without orders, making D the most appropriate step.
Question 5 of 5
The first step in applying the quality improvement process to an activity in a clinical setting is to:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Quality improvement begins with identifying a problem (C) (e.g., high infection rates), providing a focus for subsequent steps like team assembly (A), data collection (B), and standard-setting (D). Without a defined issue, other actions lack direction, making C the essential first step.