ATI LPN
NCLEX Questions on Renal System Questions
Question 1 of 5
What is the denervation of the afferent & efferent supply to the urinary bladder characterized by & what is it associated with?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Denervation of both afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor) supplies to the bladder, as with cauda equina injury, abolishes reflexes and sensations while enhancing intrinsic smooth muscle responses. This leads to a hypertonic, spastic bladder with uncontrolled periodic micturition due to local contractions. It's distinct from sensory-only loss or overflow states, and its association with cauda equina injury (e.g., tumor) makes B correct.
Question 2 of 5
Angiotensin II receptors are found in:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Angiotensin II receptors (AT1) are prominently found in the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex, where they stimulate aldosterone release to increase Na⺠reabsorption and blood pressure. While present in renal arterioles, their key endocrine role is in the adrenal gland, not JG cells (A), macula densa (B), or intercalated cells (D), making C correct.
Question 3 of 5
In a man undergoing surgery, it was necessary to aspirate the contents of the upper gastrointestinal tract. After surgery, the following values were obtained from an arterial blood sample: pH 7.55, PCO2 52 mm Hg and HCO3- 40 mmol/l. What is the underlying disorder?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A pH of 7.55 (alkalosis), PCOâ‚‚ of 52 mmHg (elevated), and HCO₃⻠of 40 mmol/L (high) indicate metabolic alkalosis, likely from loss of gastric acid (Hâº) via aspiration, raising HCO₃â». Elevated PCOâ‚‚ reflects respiratory compensation (hypoventilation). Respiratory alkalosis (B) has low PCOâ‚‚, acidosis (A, D) has low pH, making C correct.
Question 4 of 5
Which statement by a patient demonstrates an accurate understanding about herbal supplements?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Herbal supplements lack standardization in the U.S. (D), as the FDA classifies them as dietary supplements, not drugs, leading to variable potency and quality. Herbs can interact with medications and other herbs (A), most aren't rigorously tested (B), and FDA regulation is minimal (C), making D the accurate understanding.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse preceptor asks the newly graduated nurse why it is essential for providers to employ a multifaceted approach when assessing and recognizing cues for impaired urinary elimination. What statement made by the newly graduated nurse demonstrates an accurate understanding of impaired urinary elimination?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A multifaceted approach to impaired urinary elimination (e.g., history, symptoms, exams) provides comprehensive insights (D), enabling tailored interventions (e.g., catheterization, medication) for effective management. It doesn't simplify diagnosis (A), isn't history-only (B), and goes beyond streamlining (C), making D the accurate understanding.