ATI LPN
Immune System Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
What is helpful to tell a mother who is concerned about preventing sleep problems in her 2-year-old child?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Use a nightlight in the child’s room. This answer is correct because a nightlight can provide a sense of security for the child and help alleviate any fear of the dark, which is a common issue for young children. It can also help the child feel more comfortable and relaxed, promoting better sleep. Choice A is incorrect as always sleeping in a quiet, darkened room may not address the child's fear of the dark. Choice B is incorrect as high-carbohydrate snacks before bedtime can actually disrupt sleep. Choice C is incorrect as eliminating the afternoon nap may lead to overtiredness, making it harder for the child to fall asleep at night.
Question 2 of 5
A parent of a 7-year-old girl with a repaired ventricular septal defect (VSD) calls the cardiology clinic and reports that the child is just not herself. Her appetite is decreased, she has had intermittent fevers around 38°C (100.4°F), and now her muscles and joints ache. Based on this information you advise the mother to:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Immediately bring the child to clinic for evaluation. Given the child's medical history of a repaired ventricular septal defect (VSD) and presenting symptoms of decreased appetite, fever, and muscle/joint aches, there is concern for a possible infection or cardiac-related issue. It is crucial to promptly assess the child's condition due to the potential risks associated with cardiac conditions and infections in this population. Delaying evaluation could lead to serious complications. Choices B and C are incorrect because waiting until next week or simply treating symptoms with acetaminophen may result in a missed opportunity to address a potentially serious issue. Choice D is incorrect as it dismisses the child's symptoms as manipulation, which is not a responsible or evidence-based approach to healthcare.
Question 3 of 5
What measure is important in managing hypercalcemia in a child who is immobilized?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Provide adequate hydration. Hypercalcemia in an immobilized child can be managed by ensuring adequate hydration to help promote renal excretion of excess calcium. Hydration helps prevent further calcium buildup in the blood and reduces the risk of complications. It is crucial to maintain a good fluid balance to support the kidneys in eliminating excess calcium. Changing position frequently (choice B) may help prevent complications related to immobility but does not directly address hypercalcemia. Encouraging a diet high in calcium (choice C) is contraindicated in hypercalcemia as it can exacerbate the condition. Providing a diet high in calories for healing (choice D) is important for overall nutrition but does not specifically target the management of hypercalcemia in an immobilized child.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following pairs of associations is mismatched?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because large granular lymphocytes are actually natural killer (NK) cells, not T cells. NK cells are part of the innate immune system, while T cells are part of the adaptive immune system. Megakaryocytes produce platelets, B cells differentiate into plasma cells to produce antibodies, and monocytes differentiate into macrophages to engulf pathogens. Therefore, choices B, C, and D are all correctly matched associations.
Question 5 of 5
What is a side effect of xanthine oxidase inhibitors? (Select ONE that does not apply)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Retinal damage. Xanthine oxidase inhibitors like Allopurinol can lead to retinal damage due to accumulation of toxic metabolites. Bone marrow suppression (A), nausea (B), and vomiting (C) are not typically associated with xanthine oxidase inhibitors. This is because these drugs mainly affect purine metabolism, leading to increased uric acid levels, rather than directly affecting the bone marrow or gastrointestinal system.