What is a statement that correctly contrasts benign tumors and malignant tumors?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because benign tumors are noncancerous and do not spread to other cells, whereas malignant tumors are cancerous and can spread to other cells. Benign tumors grow slowly, do not invade nearby tissues, and do not metastasize. On the other hand, malignant tumors are cancerous, grow rapidly, invade nearby tissues, and have the potential to spread to other parts of the body through the bloodstream or lymphatic system. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they inaccurately describe the characteristics of benign and malignant tumors, mixing up the definitions and behaviors of these two types of tumors.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 30 minutes. After taking an HIV antibody test, the patient is required to wait for 30 minutes before the results can be accurately interpreted. This waiting period allows for the proper reaction time for the test results to develop. Waiting for 30 minutes ensures that any potential errors or discrepancies in the test results are minimized. Choice A (30 days) is incorrect as waiting this long is unnecessary and impractical for obtaining HIV test results. Choice B (1 hour) and Choice D (10 minutes) are incorrect as they do not align with the standard waiting time recommended for HIV antibody tests. Waiting for 30 minutes strikes a balance between allowing sufficient time for accurate results while not unnecessarily prolonging the waiting period.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because educating parents and the child on how to minimize sickle cell crises is crucial in managing the disease effectively. By teaching them about triggers, symptoms, and preventive measures, they can proactively address potential crises and improve the child's quality of life. Referring for genetic counseling (B) is important but not the most immediate consideration. Observing for transfusion complications (C) is necessary but not the primary focus of teaching. Helping the family adjust (D) is important but not as urgent as minimizing crises.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Fever and petechiae. Fever and petechiae are indicative of a potential infection or bleeding, which can be life-threatening for a leukemia patient due to compromised immune system and low platelet count. Immediate nursing intervention would involve assessing the severity of the fever, monitoring for signs of sepsis, and addressing any bleeding issues. A: An enlarged liver and spleen may be common in leukemia but do not require immediate intervention unless associated with other symptoms. B: Fatigue is common in leukemia but not as urgent as signs of infection or bleeding. D: Swollen glands and lethargy are also common in leukemia but do not require immediate intervention unless accompanied by other concerning symptoms.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Muscle weakness. In infants with iron deficiency anemia, muscle weakness is a common sign of decreased activity tolerance. Iron deficiency leads to reduced oxygen delivery to muscles, causing weakness and fatigue during activity. A heart rate of 138 may be within normal range for a 9-month-old. Increased alertness suggests the infant is responsive and engaged, not necessarily an indicator of activity tolerance. A respiratory rate less than 40 with activity is also not necessarily abnormal and may indicate good respiratory function. Therefore, the presence of muscle weakness is the most specific and concerning sign of poor activity tolerance in this context.