ATI LPN
Immune System Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
What is a side effect of xanthine oxidase inhibitors? (Select ONE that does not apply)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Retinal damage. Xanthine oxidase inhibitors like Allopurinol can lead to retinal damage due to accumulation of toxic metabolites. Bone marrow suppression (A), nausea (B), and vomiting (C) are not typically associated with xanthine oxidase inhibitors. This is because these drugs mainly affect purine metabolism, leading to increased uric acid levels, rather than directly affecting the bone marrow or gastrointestinal system.
Question 2 of 5
Which diagnostic test evaluates the morphological features of the blood cells?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Peripheral blood smear. This diagnostic test is used to evaluate the morphological features of blood cells by examining their size, shape, and structure under a microscope. It provides valuable information about red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Reticulocyte count (B) measures immature red blood cells, not morphological features. Oxygen saturation (C) assesses the amount of oxygen carried by hemoglobin in the blood. Platelet count (D) quantifies the number of platelets in the blood, not their morphology.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who had a myocardial infarction 5 days ago. The client has a sudden onset of shortness of breath and begins coughing frothy, pink sputum. The nurse auscultates loud, bubbly sounds on inspiration. Which of the following adventitious breath sounds should the nurse document?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Coarse crackles. Coarse crackles are associated with fluid-filled airways, commonly seen in conditions like heart failure. In this scenario, the client's history of myocardial infarction and symptoms of shortness of breath, frothy pink sputum, and loud bubbly sounds on inspiration indicate pulmonary edema, leading to coarse crackles. Fine crackles are heard in conditions like pneumonia. Wheezes are associated with airway constriction in conditions like asthma. Rhonchi are caused by secretions in the large airways. Therefore, in this case, coarse crackles are most appropriate.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who has late-stage heart failure and is experiencing fluid volume overload. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Weight gain 1 kg (2.2 lb) in 1 day. In late-stage heart failure with fluid volume overload, the body retains excess fluid leading to weight gain. This rapid weight gain is a key indicator of worsening fluid overload. Option B (Weight loss) is incorrect as fluid volume overload typically leads to weight gain. Option C (Dry skin) is incorrect as it is not a common finding in fluid volume overload. Option D (Decreased urine output) is incorrect as fluid volume overload usually leads to increased urine output due to the body's attempt to eliminate excess fluid.
Question 5 of 5
What are the actions of salicylates? (Select one that does not apply)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because salicylates do not have antihypertensive actions. Salicylates, like aspirin, are known for their anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic properties. They work by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis. Antihypertensive medications work differently to lower blood pressure and are not a characteristic action of salicylates. Salicylates can even cause adverse effects on blood pressure in some individuals. This makes choice D incorrect.