What is a physiologic effect of immobilization on children?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Circulatory stasis can lead to thrombus and embolus formation. Immobilization in children can lead to decreased muscle activity and venous return, increasing the risk of blood clots forming in the veins (thrombus) due to stagnant blood flow. These clots can dislodge and travel to the lungs causing a pulmonary embolism. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because immobilization typically leads to a decrease in metabolic rate, worsens venous return due to lack of movement, and can result in bone demineralization rather than an increase in bone calcium.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, "Antihypertensive." Salicylates are not typically used for lowering blood pressure. Salicylates like aspirin are known for their anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic actions. Salicylates inhibit prostaglandin synthesis which helps reduce inflammation, pain, and fever. Other choices are incorrect as salicylates are commonly used for these purposes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Sensitivity to cold. Severe anemia can lead to decreased red blood cells, causing poor circulation and reduced oxygen delivery to tissues. This leads to feeling cold due to decreased metabolic activity. Heart palpitations (A) are common but not specific to severe anemia. Fatigue (B) is a common symptom in anemia but not exclusive to severe cases. Exertional dyspnea (D) is due to reduced oxygen-carrying capacity but is not specific to severe anemia.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Platelet count is the correct answer. Platelets are responsible for blood clotting, and a count below 10 x 10^9 /L can lead to spontaneous hemorrhage due to impaired clot formation. Hemoglobin, WBC, and RBC indices are not directly related to clotting function and do not pose the same risk of spontaneous hemorrhage.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because counting the radial pulse rate before taking the beta blocker is important to monitor for bradycardia, a potential side effect. This demonstrates understanding of the medication's effect. Option B is incorrect as increasing salt intake is contraindicated in heart conditions. Option C is incorrect as vigorous exercise is not recommended post-myocardial infarction. Option D is incorrect as stopping medication abruptly can be dangerous and is not recommended without medical advice.