What is a component of the immune system? Select one that does not apply

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: blood vessels. In the immune system, cells, tissues, and organs play crucial roles in defending the body against pathogens. Blood vessels, while important for transporting immune cells and substances, are not considered a direct component of the immune system itself. They serve as conduits for immune cells to travel throughout the body but do not actively participate in immune responses like cells, tissues, and organs do. Blood vessels are essential for the immune system to function effectively, but they are not considered a direct component of the immune system. Therefore, B is the correct answer.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The term petechiae refers to small red or purple spots on the skin caused by broken blood vessels. These spots are typically pinpoint in size and do not raise above the skin surface. The correct answer is C, as it accurately describes the characteristic appearance of petechiae. Option A is incorrect as petechiae are not large or raised. Option B is incorrect as petechiae are not indicative of an infection. Option D is incorrect as petechiae are not related to deep vein thrombosis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Diarrhoea and constipation. Individuals with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) can experience alternating episodes of diarrhoea and constipation. This is due to the dysfunction in the gut-brain axis, leading to abnormal contractions in the intestines. Symptoms vary among individuals and can include bloating, abdominal pain, and changes in bowel habits. Diarrhoea and constipation are common manifestations of IBS, affecting different individuals at different times. This makes option C the correct choice. Option A (Diarrhoea) and Option D (Constipation) are incorrect because IBS is characterized by both diarrhoea and constipation, not just one or the other. Option B (Urinary tract infections) is unrelated to IBS symptoms and is not a common manifestation of the condition.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B - Wear kneepads, elbow pads, and a helmet while bicycling. This recommendation is crucial for the safety of the child with hemophilia as it helps prevent injuries and potential bleeding episodes in case of falls. Kneepads and elbow pads provide extra protection to vulnerable joints, while a helmet protects the head from trauma. This allows the child to engage in physical activities like bicycling while minimizing the risk of bleeding complications. Choice A is incorrect because swimming may also pose a risk of injury, and protective gear is still necessary. Choice C is incorrect as it limits the child's participation and does not address safety concerns. Choice D is incorrect as it unnecessarily restricts the child's social engagement and physical activity without providing an alternative solution.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Infection. A low Absolute neutrophil count indicates neutropenia, which increases the risk of infection due to decreased ability to fight off pathogens. Hematocrit and Platelet Count are within normal range, so anemia and bleeding are not immediate concerns. Serum Potassium level is normal, ruling out cardiac arrest risk. Therefore, the child is at highest risk for infection due to neutropenia.