ATI LPN
Questions for the Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
What intervention should the nurse identify as the priority for the client with a nursing diagnosis of Ineffective Airway Clearance related to tumor mass?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Coughing, deep breathing, and hydration (C) are priority for airway clearance with a tumor mass, per document (3). Cough expels mucus (e.g., 50 mL/day), breathing opens airways, and fluids (2-3 L) thin secretions. Oâ‚‚ (A) treats hypoxemia, not clearance. Elevation (B) aids breathing, not obstruction. Tracheostomy (D) is last-resort. C's active clearance boosting tidal volume (500 mL) targets tumor blockage, unlike A's support or D's invasiveness.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse anticipates using postural drainage as a treatment modality for which of the following conditions?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cystic fibrosis (CF) uses postural drainage (C), per document (3). Thick mucus (CFTR defect) needs percussion (50 mL/day cleared), improving V/Q. Epiglottitis (A) risks airway closure drainage contraindicated. Aspiration (B) needs removal, not drainage. BPD (D) uses it less. C's mucus burden FEVâ‚ <60% makes it key, unlike A's swelling.
Question 3 of 5
As blood enters the systemic capillaries
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: As blood enters systemic capillaries, P_O2 in blood (~100 mmHg, oxygenated from lungs) is higher than in tissues (~40 mmHg or less, due to cellular use), driving Oâ‚‚ diffusion into cells (internal respiration). Tissue P_CO2 (~45 mmHg) exceeds blood (~40 mmHg), moving COâ‚‚ into capillaries. Equal P_O2 (D) or P_O2 matching P_CO2 (A) would stop exchange; lower blood P_O2 (C) reverses reality. This gradient ensures Oâ‚‚ delivery and COâ‚‚ pickup, a key step in systemic circulation, critical for metabolism and conditions like hypoxia where tissue Oâ‚‚ falls, reflecting capillary-tissue dynamics.
Question 4 of 5
A 7-year-old client is brought to the E.R. He's tachypneic and afebrile and has a respiratory rate of 36 breaths/minute and a nonproductive cough. He recently had a cold. From his history, the client may have which of the following?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Acute asthma fits this 7-year-old's presentation: tachypnea (36 breaths/minute, above normal 18-30), nonproductive cough, and recent cold viral triggers often precipitate asthma exacerbations in children. Bronchial pneumonia (B) typically includes fever and productive cough, absent here. COPD (C) and emphysema (D) are adult chronic conditions from long-term damage (e.g., smoking), unlikely at this age. Asthma's reversible bronchoconstriction causes rapid breathing and dry cough, especially post-infection, aligning with history and symptoms. No fever rules out infection-driven pneumonia, and youth excludes degenerative lung diseases. This diagnosis guides urgent bronchodilator use, critical in pediatric ER settings to reverse airflow obstruction and prevent escalation.
Question 5 of 5
A client beginning medication therapy with montelukast (Singulair) asks the nurse how the medication is helping the symptoms. Which is the nurse's best response?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Montelukast (Singulair), a leukotriene modifier, decreases inflammation and mucus secretion (A) by blocking leukotrienes mediators of asthma's bronchoconstriction and mucosal swelling. This reduces airway obstruction, easing symptoms. Increasing mucus (B) worsens blockage; bronchodilation isn't its role beta-agonists do that. It doesn't stop smooth muscle contraction via nerves (C) or shield from allergens (D) it mitigates their effects post-exposure. This anti-inflammatory action, distinct from rescue inhalers, suits maintenance therapy, critical for patient understanding of its preventive role, a nursing priority to ensure adherence and clarify its place in asthma management.