ATI LPN
Quizlet LPN Fundamentals Questions
Question 1 of 5
What have the models of health promotion and illness prevention been used for?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Health promotion and illness prevention models like the Health Belief Model or Agent-Host-Environment help providers understand health-related behaviors, decoding why people adopt or resist practices like smoking cessation. They analyze perceptions, risks, and environmental influences, guiding tailored interventions across diverse groups. They don't define medical frameworks or focus solely on disability care plans, though applicable there. Nor do they create rehabilitative forums rehab is tertiary, not their core. For example, the Health Belief Model predicts vaccine uptake by assessing perceived threats and benefits, aiding nurses in crafting education. These models' strength lies in behavioral insight, enhancing nursing's ability to prevent illness and promote health universally, not just for specific conditions, making care proactive and culturally attuned.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse cares for an older adult client with congestive heart failure following a myocardial infarction. The client reports having difficulty breathing and states, 'I feel as if I am drowning when I lie down.' Which complication does the nurse recognize as contributing to this assessment finding?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The client's symptoms difficulty breathing and a drowning sensation when lying down (orthopnea) point to pulmonary edema (C), a complication of congestive heart failure (CHF) post-myocardial infarction (MI). In CHF, the heart's pumping fails, causing fluid to back up into the lungs, worsening when supine due to increased venous return. Myocardial infarction (A) is the cause, not the complication. Panic attack (B) may mimic dyspnea but lacks the positional clue. Left ventricular hypertrophy (D) contributes to CHF but isn't the direct issue. C is correct. Rationale: Pulmonary edema's hallmark is fluid in alveoli, causing respiratory distress and orthopnea, a classic CHF progression post-MI, requiring urgent intervention like diuretics, unlike anxiety or structural changes.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is performing nasopharyngeal suctioning on a client and suddenly notes the presence of bloody secretions. Which action should the nurse implement?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bloody secretions during nasopharyngeal suctioning suggest trauma; checking suction pressure (B) identifies if excessive force (e.g., >120 mm Hg) caused it, allowing adjustment. Continuing (A) or vigorous suctioning (D) risks further damage. Coughing (C) may not be feasible. B is correct. Rationale: Adjusting pressure prevents additional injury, a proactive step per airway management standards, balancing secretion removal with safety.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client who was just admitted to the hospital with the diagnosis of head trauma. Which clinical indicators should the nurse consider as evidence of increasing intracranial pressure? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Increased ICP from head trauma manifests as decreased level of consciousness (D), a key sign of brain compression. Vomiting (A) and irritability (B) are early indicators. Hypotension (C) is late, not initial. D is correct for CSV. Rationale: LOC decline reflects worsening ICP, a critical progression requiring immediate action like imaging or decompression, per neurotrauma standards, distinguishing it from earlier symptoms.
Question 5 of 5
When assessing a client's fluid and electrolyte status, the nurse recalls that the regulator of extracellular osmolality is what?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sodium (A) regulates extracellular osmolality by controlling water movement across membranes. Potassium (B), chloride (C), and calcium (D) have other roles. A is correct. Rationale: Sodium's osmotic effect maintains fluid balance, critical in assessing hydration and edema, per physiology principles, unlike other electrolytes with intracellular or signaling functions.