ATI LPN
Questions on the Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
What explanation should the nurse give to a client and family regarding the development of COPD in a young adult?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency (A) causes early COPD (document: 1), per ATS 1% of cases, onset <40 years. AAT protects alveoli from elastase; deficiency (e.g., ZZ genotype) yields panacinar emphysema. Childhood smoking (B) or secondhand smoke (C) accelerates COPD but typically later (50s). Smokeless tobacco (D) affects oral health, not lungs. A's genetic basis AAT <11 μmol/L explains rapid destruction (FEV₠<50%), distinguishing it from B's or C's environmental latency.
Question 2 of 5
A 6-year-old child is hospitalized following an acute asthmatic episode. Which statement by the parents indicates that further teaching is needed?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Quit the swim team' (B) shows misunderstanding, per document (2). Exercise-induced asthma (EIA) is managed cromolyn (A) or albuterol pre-exercise (D) cut symptoms (80% efficacy). EIA (C) is common (10-15% kids). Swimming often helps asthma. B's restriction unlike A's prevention ignores control options, per GINA, needing correction.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the body systems listed below cooperate to supply Oâ‚‚ to cells and eliminate COâ‚‚? 1) digestive system 2) cardiovascular system 3) urinary system 4) respiratory system 5) endocrine system
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The cardiovascular (2) and respiratory (4) systems cooperate to supply oxygen (Oâ‚‚) to cells and eliminate carbon dioxide (COâ‚‚). The respiratory system inhales Oâ‚‚, exchanging it into blood via alveoli (external respiration), while the cardiovascular system transports it to tissues and returns COâ‚‚ to lungs for exhalation. Digestive (1) provides nutrients, not gases. Urinary (3) excretes waste, not COâ‚‚ directly. Endocrine (5) regulates metabolism, not gas transport. Only 2 and 4 directly handle Oâ‚‚ delivery and COâ‚‚ removal, a synergistic pair essential for cellular respiration, key in physiology and conditions like COPD or heart failure disrupting this balance.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse teaches a client with COPD to assess for s/sx of right-sided heart failure. Which of the following s/sx would be included in the teaching plan?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Peripheral edema is a key sign of right-sided heart failure, common in COPD due to pulmonary hypertension increasing right heart workload. Blood backs up into systemic veins, leaking fluid into tissues, causing swelling (edema), often in legs or ankles. Clubbing of nail beds (A) indicates chronic hypoxia, not heart failure specifically. Hypertension (B) ties to left-sided failure, elevating systemic pressure, not right-sided fluid buildup. Increased appetite (D) contradicts heart failure's typical anorexia from congestion. Teaching should also cover jugular venous distention or hepatomegaly, but edema is a clear, client-observable sign. This reflects cor pulmonale, a COPD complication, making patient awareness vital for early reporting and management, distinct from left-sided failure's pulmonary edema.
Question 5 of 5
What explanation should the nurse give to a client and family regarding the development of COPD in a young adult?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A hereditary alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency (A) explains COPD in a young adult. AAT protects lungs from elastase, an enzyme breaking down alveolar walls; deficiency accelerates emphysema, even without smoking, onset possible in 20s-30s. Childhood smoking (B) or secondary smoke (C) contributes to typical COPD later (50s-60s), not young adulthood absent AAT issues. Smokeless tobacco (D) affects oral health, not lungs directly. AAT deficiency, a genetic rarity, shifts COPD's timeline, critical for family education on screening and avoiding irritants, distinguishing it from lifestyle-driven cases in older adults.