ATI LPN
Questions on the Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
What explanation should the nurse give to a client and family regarding the development of COPD in a young adult?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A hereditary alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency (A) explains COPD in a young adult. AAT protects lungs from elastase, an enzyme breaking down alveolar walls; deficiency accelerates emphysema, even without smoking, onset possible in 20s-30s. Childhood smoking (B) or secondary smoke (C) contributes to typical COPD later (50s-60s), not young adulthood absent AAT issues. Smokeless tobacco (D) affects oral health, not lungs directly. AAT deficiency, a genetic rarity, shifts COPD's timeline, critical for family education on screening and avoiding irritants, distinguishing it from lifestyle-driven cases in older adults.
Question 2 of 5
A 35-year-old man has a 5-year history of episodic wheezing and coughing. The episodes are more common during the winter months, and he has noticed that they often follow minor respiratory tract infections. In the period between the episodes, he can breathe normally. There is no family history of asthma or other allergies. On physical examination, there are no remarkable findings. A chest radiograph shows no abnormalities. A serum IgE level and WBC count are normal. Which of the following is the most likely mechanism that contributes to the findings in his illness?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bronchial hyperreactivity to chronic inflammation (B) explains nonatopic asthma here . Viral infections trigger bronchial spasm in a low-threshold airway, causing wheezing (RR 35/min). Normal IgE/WBC rule out atopy. Neutrophils (A) fit pneumonia. Eosinophils (C) mark allergic asthma. Aspergillus (D) is ABPA. B's intrinsic reactivity unlike C's allergic basis fits episodic, post-viral pattern, per document.
Question 3 of 5
In which of the following diseases would the occurrence of hemoptysis prompt a search for another disease as the cause of hemoptysis?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Question 4 of 5
Metastatic brain abscess is a complication of which of the following?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Question 5 of 5
Ventilation (breathing) is a regular, rhythmic process which:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Ventilation moves air into and out of the lungs (A) . This mechanical process, driven by inspiratory muscles (diaphragm, intercostals), shifts 500 mL tidal volume 12-15 times/minute (Page 4), per Boyle's law thoracic expansion drops pressure, drawing air in; relaxation expels it. Energy release (B) is cellular respiration, not ventilation. Surface tension reduction (C) is surfactant's role, not breathing's. Mucus clearance (D) involves cilia, not ventilation itself. A's focus on airflow diaphragm drops 1-2 cm, expanding thorax 5-7 cm distinguishes it from B's metabolic or C's chemical roles, aligning with respiratory physiology (Page 2, ventilation definition).