What do you call the theorist that considers environment as the major determinant in a person's ability to function independently?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Nightingale's theory (1850s) hinges on environment as key to independence e.g., clean air aids recovery, enabling self-care. Henderson focuses on needs assistance, Orem on self-care deficits, and Swanson on caring processes. Nightingale's environmental manipulation remains foundational, influencing modern infection control and patient autonomy.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: One minute between BP readings e.g., arm reperfusion ensures accuracy, per AHA. Longer waits (5-30 min) are for activity rest, not re-reads. Nurses time this e.g., quick repeat for reliable trends, standard in sequential monitoring.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Virginia Henderson's Nature of Nursing Model (1950s) defines nursing as aiding 14 basic needs e.g., breathing, eating to restore independence, like teaching a patient self-care post-surgery. Nightingale emphasized environment, Parse human becoming, and Orlando interactions. Henderson's practical, need-based approach, widely taught, frames nurses as partners in recovery, influencing care plans and education with its focus on patient autonomy.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: St. Clare founded the Poor Clares in 1212, the second Franciscan order, emphasizing poverty and service e.g., sick care. Unlike Catherine (lamp lady), Anne (Mary's mother), or Elizabeth (patron saint), Clare's work tied spiritual devotion to nursing's early roots, influencing its altruistic tradition.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Subjective data is patient-reported e.g., anxiety as a felt emotion. Dizziness and chest pain can be measured (vitals), blue nails observed (objective). Nurses probe subjective feelings e.g., 'how anxious?' for comprehensive care, per assessment distinctions.