ATI LPN
Respiratory System Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
What disease is caused by Coxiella burnetii?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Coxiella burnetii causes Q fever, a zoonotic disease often contracted from livestock via inhalation of aerosols. It presents with fever, pneumonia, or hepatitis, differing from tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis), a chronic lung infection with granulomas; diphtheria (Corynebacterium diphtheriae), marked by throat pseudomembranes; and walking pneumonia (typically Mycoplasma pneumoniae), a milder lung infection. C. burnetii's intracellular nature and resilience in the environment distinguish Q fever, which lacks the exotoxin-driven pathology of diphtheria or tuberculosis's slow progression. Accurate identification guides treatment antibiotics like doxycycline for Q fever versus antitoxins or long-term regimens for others emphasizing the need to recognize causative agents in respiratory illness management.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is caring for a pregnant woman new to the clinic. Which question will uncover whether the client has the highest risk for developing pneumonia?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Does anyone smoke in the house?' (C) identifies the highest pneumonia risk in pregnancy secondhand smoke impairs ciliary clearance, increasing infection odds (RR ≈1.5). Immunizations (A) matter, but smoking's direct effect trumps. Asthma (B) raises risk, but smoking's environmental impact is broader. Medical conditions (D) are vague versus C's specificity. The document's answer (C) aligns smoke exposure during pregnancy heightens S. pneumoniae risk, distinguishing it from A's prevention or D's generality.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is evaluating the goals for a client with atypical pneumonia. Which finding indicates that an outcome has been successfully met?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Uninterrupted sleep (A) indicates a met outcome in atypical pneumonia (e.g., Mycoplasma) rest reflects reduced dyspnea/fever. Splinting (B) is ongoing, not a resolution marker. Normal temperature (C) is partial success. Oâ‚‚ need (D) suggests unresolved hypoxemia. The document's answer (A) fits sleep improvement (e.g., 6-8 hours) signals recovery from fatigue, distinguishing it from D's dependency.
Question 4 of 5
The maximum volume of air contained in the lung by a full forced inhalation is called _________.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Total lung capacity (TLC) is the maximum air volume the lungs hold after a full forced inhalation, about 6 liters in adults, encompassing all lung volumes (tidal, inspiratory reserve, expiratory reserve, and residual). Tidal volume is normal breathing (~500 mL), not maximum. Vital capacity is maximal inhalable/exhalable air (~4.8 L), excluding residual volume, less than TLC. Ventilation rate is breaths per minute, not volume. TLC reflects lung health reduced in restrictive diseases like fibrosis measuring total potential, critical in pulmonary function tests to assess capacity and guide respiratory therapy.
Question 5 of 5
The membrane that surrounds and protects the heart is called the
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The pericardium, a double-layered sac, surrounds and protects the heart, with a fibrous outer layer anchoring it and a serous inner layer reducing friction via pericardial fluid. The pleura encase the lungs, not the heart. The myocardium is the heart's muscle layer, not a membrane. The mediastinum is the thoracic region, not a protective sac. This pericardial shield prevents overexpansion and infection, essential for heart function, a fundamental concept in cardiac anatomy, relevant in conditions like pericarditis where inflammation disrupts this protection.