ATI LPN
Immune System Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
What disease is an example of secondary immunodeficiency?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: AIDS. Secondary immunodeficiency results from external factors such as infections or medical treatments. AIDS is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which weakens the immune system. X-linked agammaglobulinemia and severe combined immunodeficiency are primary immunodeficiencies, present at birth. Addison disease affects the adrenal glands, not the immune system. Therefore, AIDS is the best example of secondary immunodeficiency due to its external cause impacting immune function.
Question 2 of 5
Irritable bowel syndrome is most common in:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Women. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is most common in women, with about twice as many women affected compared to men. This is due to hormonal fluctuations, as well as differences in gut motility and sensitivity to stress between genders. Women are also more likely to seek medical help for their symptoms. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because IBS is not more common in older white males, children, or young black women compared to women in general.
Question 3 of 5
What is the best way for the nurse to detect fluid retention in a child with nephrotic syndrome who has not yet been toilet-trained?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Weigh the child daily. Daily weight monitoring is essential in detecting fluid retention in a child with nephrotic syndrome as it is a sensitive indicator of changes in fluid status. Fluid retention can lead to weight gain, indicating a worsening condition. Checking urine for blood (B) is more relevant for detecting renal issues, not fluid retention. Measuring abdominal girth weekly (C) may not be as sensitive or specific as daily weight monitoring. Counting the number of wet diapers (D) is more relevant for assessing hydration status rather than fluid retention. In summary, daily weight monitoring is the most accurate and sensitive method for detecting fluid retention in this scenario.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse should expect to administer this drug for a sickle cell pain crisis:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Morphine sulfate. Morphine is the preferred analgesic for severe pain in sickle cell crisis due to its potent pain-relieving effects. It works by binding to opioid receptors in the brain, reducing pain perception. Meperidine (B) is not recommended due to its toxic metabolite accumulation in renal impairment. Acetaminophen (C) and Ibuprofen (D) are not sufficient for managing severe pain in a sickle cell crisis.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is caring for a child with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Which nursing intervention is a priority for this child?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Maintenance of skin integrity. For a child with DIC, skin integrity is a priority due to the risk of bleeding and clotting. Skin breakdown can lead to infection and further complications. Monitoring fluid restriction (choice C) may be important, but skin integrity takes precedence. Frequent ambulation (choice A) may be beneficial but not as crucial as maintaining skin integrity. Preparation for x-ray procedures (choice D) is not a priority compared to preventing skin breakdown in a child with DIC.