ATI LPN
Questions on Immune System Questions
Question 1 of 5
What disease is a common autoimmune disorder of the gastrointestinal system?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Crohn disease. Crohn disease is an autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the gastrointestinal tract, causing inflammation and damage to the digestive system. It is characterized by symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, and weight loss. The other choices (B, C, D) are incorrect because Guillain-Barré syndrome affects the peripheral nervous system, Addison disease affects the adrenal glands, and Sjögren syndrome affects the exocrine glands, not the gastrointestinal system. Crohn disease specifically targets the gastrointestinal system, making it the most appropriate choice among the options provided.
Question 2 of 5
In patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, the immune system is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Overactive. In systemic lupus erythematosus, the immune system is hyperactive, leading to the production of autoantibodies that attack healthy tissues. This results in inflammation and tissue damage throughout the body. The other choices are incorrect because A (Underactive) does not align with the autoimmune nature of lupus, C (Inactive) is not true as there is ongoing immune system activity in lupus, and D (None of the above) is not accurate as the immune system in lupus is indeed overactive.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is explaining the blood component platelets to an 8-year-old child with hemophilia. How should the nurse best describe platelets to this child?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Platelets are responsible for blood clotting, which stops bleeding by forming a clot over the bleeding area. This explanation is most suitable for an 8-year-old child with hemophilia as it directly addresses how platelets help in stopping bleeding, which is a common concern for individuals with hemophilia. Choice A is incorrect because platelets do not directly prevent infection. Choice B is incorrect as platelets are actually solid components of blood, not the liquid portion. Choice C is incorrect as it describes the function of red blood cells, not platelets. Therefore, choice D is the best description of platelets for the child to understand their role in stopping bleeding.
Question 4 of 5
Which nursing diagnosis is highest-priority for a 3-year-old child undergoing chemotherapy and experiencing nausea and vomiting?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Deficient Fluid Volume. For a child undergoing chemotherapy with nausea and vomiting, dehydration from fluid loss is a critical concern. Maintaining fluid balance is essential for the child's health and well-being. Options B, C, and D are not as high-priority because addressing fluid volume deficiency takes precedence over addressing nutrition, comfort, or body image issues in this situation.
Question 5 of 5
A child who has beta-thalassemia is receiving numerous blood transfusions. The child is also receiving deferoxamine (Desferal) therapy. The parents ask how the deferoxamine will help their child. Which rationale does the nurse use when responding to the parents?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: It prevents iron overload. Deferoxamine is a chelating agent that helps remove excess iron from the body, which is a common complication of frequent blood transfusions in patients with beta-thalassemia. Iron overload can lead to organ damage and other serious complications. Therefore, by using deferoxamine, the child can prevent the harmful effects of iron accumulation. A: Incorrect. Deferoxamine does not prevent blood transfusion reactions. It specifically targets iron overload. B: Incorrect. Deferoxamine does not stimulate red blood cell production. It is used to remove excess iron. C: Incorrect. Deferoxamine does not provide vitamin supplementation. Its main function is iron chelation.