What are the treatment options for Wilson's disease?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct treatment option for Wilson's disease is A: Penicillamine. Penicillamine is a chelating agent that helps remove excess copper from the body. It binds to copper, forming a stable complex that can be excreted in the urine. Riboflavin (B) is a vitamin and not used in Wilson's disease treatment. Trientine (C) is another chelating agent used in Wilson's disease treatment but is not as commonly prescribed as penicillamine. Potassium disulfide (D) is not a recognized treatment for Wilson's disease.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is characterized by the gradual accumulation of small mature B cells in the blood and bone marrow. B cells are lymphocytes that play a key role in the immune system. Choice A (T cells) is incorrect because CLL primarily involves B cells, not T cells. Choice C (NK cells) is incorrect because CLL does not involve natural killer (NK) cells. Choice D (Mixed) is incorrect because CLL is characterized by the accumulation of a single type of cell, specifically mature B cells.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Correct Answer: D Rationale: 1. During the mesoblastic phase of erythropoiesis in the yolk sac, only erythroblasts develop. 2. Erythroblasts are precursors of red blood cells and are responsible for producing hemoglobin. 3. Other choices (A, B, C) mention specific types of hemoglobins or cells that are not directly related to the mesoblastic phase. 4. Hb F, Hg A2, Hg A are adult hemoglobin types, Gower 1 and Gower 2 are embryonic hemoglobins, and Portland Hgb is an abnormal hemoglobin. 5. Therefore, the correct answer is D because only erythroblasts develop from yolk sacs during the mesoblastic phase.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the transferrin receptor is responsible for transporting transferrin-bound iron into cells, particularly erythrocytes. This process allows for the delivery of iron to cells for various biological functions, such as hemoglobin synthesis. Choice A is incorrect as iron is typically absorbed into duodenal cells, not transported out. Choice B is incorrect as it does not align with the role of the transferrin receptor in importing iron. Choice C is incorrect as the transferrin-bound iron in the plasma is not directly handled by the transferrin receptor but rather serves as a carrier for iron transport.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Improper disposal of phlebotomy equipment. This is the most frequent cause of needle punctures because if needles are not disposed of properly, they can pose a risk of accidental needle sticks to healthcare workers. Patient movement during venipuncture (A) can lead to complications but is not the most frequent cause of needle punctures. Inattention during needle removal (C) and failure to attach needle firmly to the tube holder (D) are also important factors to consider, but improper disposal of needles presents a higher risk of needle punctures.