ATI LPN
Medical Surgical Endocrine ATI Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
What are the signs of hypoglycaemia?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hypoglycemia causes neurogenic symptoms like dizziness, sweating, and confusion due to low glucose availability to the brain.
Question 2 of 5
A 19-year-old woman has had a fever and chills accompanied by right flank pain for the past 3 days. She has had two similar episodes during the past year. On physical examination, her temperature is 38.3°C, her blood pressure is 152/94 mm Hg, and there is right costovertebral angle tenderness. Laboratory findings show a serum glucose level of 77 mg/dL and creatinine level of 1 mg/dL. Urinalysis shows a pH of 6.5; specific gravity, 1.018; and no protein, blood, glucose, or ketones. Microscopic examination of the urine shows many WBCs and WBC casts. Which of the following is the most useful test to obtain on this patient?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In younger persons presenting with recurrent acute pyelonephritis, a search for acquired or congenital conditions producing obstruction or reflux is extremely important. Culture helps identify organisms resistant to antibiotic therapy. The pathogenesis of ascending urinary tract infections involves bacteria ascending from the urinary bladder into the ureter and the pelvis. Urinary tract infections generally are more common in females because of their shorter urethra, but in the absence of abnormalities of the urinary tract, the infections tend to remain localized in the urinary bladder.
Question 3 of 5
An infant is born following premature delivery. Multiple external congenital anomalies are noted. The infant exhibits a seizure soon after birth. The blood glucose is 19 mg/dL. Which of the following maternal diseases is the most likely cause for the observed findings in this infant?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The findings are complications of diabetes with pregnancy, and the malformations suggest that hyperglycemia preceded the pregnancy, and type 2 diabetes is quite common, even now in women of childbearing age. The neonatal hypoglycemia is a consequence of excessive islet beta-cell function from having been in a hyperglycemic environment.
Question 4 of 5
A 29-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus has been treated with corticosteroid therapy for several years because of recurrent lupus nephritis. She undergoes an emergency appendectomy for acute appendicitis. On postoperative day 2, she becomes somnolent and develops severe nausea and vomiting. She then becomes hypotensive. Blood cultures are negative, and laboratory studies now show Na+ of 128 mmol/L, K+ of 4.9 mmol/L, Cl- of 89 mmol/L, CO2 of 19 mmol/L, glucose of 52 mg/dL, and creatinine of 1.3 mg/dL. Which of the following morphologic findings in the adrenal gland cortex is most likely to be present in this patient?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: This woman has findings of acute adrenocortical insufficiency (acute addisonian crisis). Long-term corticosteroid therapy shuts off corticotropin stimulation to the adrenal glands, leading to adrenal atrophy. When this history is not elicited, and the patient is not continued on the corticosteroid therapy, a crisis ensues, in this case made worse by the stress of surgery.
Question 5 of 5
Diabetes mellitus is a deficiency or limited activity of which hormone?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Diabetes mellitus results from insulin deficiency (T1DM) or resistance (T2DM), impairing glucose uptake.